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They led to a new perspective on emotion-related gains and losses from evolution and opened the door to theoretical development and research on emerging topics such as the role of the mirror neuron system in emotion experiences, empathy, and sympathy and memes and their relations to emotion schemas.
- Psychology and the Rationality
We have a general theory of emotion, for example, that...
- Psychology and the Rationality
One common taxonomy of emotion theories includes a category called “basic emotion theories,” a category called “appraisal theories,” and a category called “construction theories” (sometimes distinguishing psychological and social variants) (e.g., Gross & Barrett, 2011).
We have a general theory of emotion, for example, that specifies the various kinds of perceptions and thoughts necessary to elicit each of twenty-two common emotions (Ortony, Clore, & Collins, 1988). Thus, fear is displeasure at the prospect of an undesirable outcome, shame is disapproval of a blameworthy action of one’s own, anger is a ...
nonhedonistic theory of the emotion-action link seems better able than the hedonistic theory to account for the motivational effects of some emotions, such as the effect of pity on helping and of anger on aggression (Rudolph, Roesch, Greitemeyer, & Weiner, 2004).
- Psychodynamic theories. Sigmund Freud laid the foundation for psychodynamic personality theories with his proposal of the id, the ego, and the superego.
- Trait theories. Trait theory is one of the most popular types of personality theories. It proposes that people’s personalities vary according to which basic personality traits are more dominant.
- Humanistic theories. The humanistic approach to theories of personality involves understanding not only behavior and thought patterns, but also what someone believes gives their life meaning.
- Social cognitive theories. Social cognitive theories of personality include several schools of thought like behaviorism, social learning theory, and expectancy-value theory.
Most psychologists would agree that the emotion system is a central subsystem of personality, and that interindividual differences traceable to this system are important for describing individuals. However, if one accepts this, then it follows immediately that, to attain its goals, personality psychology must consider the emotions.
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If one accepts that the emotion system is an important sub-system of personality, and that inter-individual differences traceable to this system are important for describing individuals, it follows immediately that, to attain its goals, personality psychology must consider the emotions.
