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Water is one of our most important natural resources. The first records of flow measuring devices are not clear but can be traced back in ancient Egyptian times, where irrigation was a
The many diverse forms and occurrences of water on the Earth, and the many different ways of utilizing water re-sources, gave rise to the concept of the hydrological sci-ences. These sciences (or branches of hydrology) include sur-face water, groundwater, water-related erosion and sediment transport, snow and ice, water quality, eco-hydrology ...
- 3MB
- Dan Rosbjerg, John Rodda
- 10
- 2019
- Manual Water Meter Reading
- The Postcard Method of Water Meter Reading
- Walk-By Water Metering
- Amr and Drive-By Metering
- Advanced Metering Infrastructure
If you are of a certain age you probably remember the meter man walking through your neighborhood once every two or three months. He would walk up to each house and read the water meter, jotting down the numbers on a notepad. This information would then have to be compiled and analyzed back at the municipal offices. While the adoption of computer t...
In areas where it was not practical to send a meter reader individually to each house (for instance, in some of the sparsely populated water districts in the western U.S., which may encompass thousands of square miles), an honor system was devised. Once or twice a year, a postcard would be supplied to each water customer, who would then be expected...
The first big technological improvement to manual reading came with the invention of a hand-held device which allowed the meter reader to simply touch the device to the meter to download the information, rather than have to open and read each meter individually. This not only saved significant time and labor costs, it also improved the accuracy of ...
With the invention of AMR (Advanced Meter Reading) technology, meter readers no longer had to walk down the street. Information from each meter is wirelessly transmitted every few seconds, and is accessible for a short distance, enabling the meter reader to simply drive by and collect the data with a transceiver in the vehicle. The information is t...
The newest water metering technology eliminates the physical visit to the metered neighborhoods. With the long range data transmission capability of AMI technology, data can now be collected directly and automatically over a distance of ½ to 5 miles away. This has revolutionary implications: 1. AMI enables far more frequent meter readings, such as ...
Apr 15, 2005 · PDF | Most modern water‐meters act on the principle of counting the number of turns made by a small reaction turbine moved by the water as it flows... | Find, read and cite all the research you...
Jan 1, 2021 · History provides large evidence of the impact of water on the growth of civilization, and forecasts of the future indicate that water will be crucial for human development in the XXI century, and further.
- Seyedeh Habibbeh Hosseiny, Omid Bozorg-Haddad, Daniele Bocchiola
- 2021
Jan 25, 2019 · Our results reveal a historical coevolution of human-water systems, which could inform water management and contribute to societal adaptation to future climate change.
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Jan 15, 2020 · The three main drivers that shape the dynamics of human–nature interactions are (i) humans (i.e. distribution and behaviour of people), (ii) opportunity to interact with nature (e.g. distribution of natural environments and wildlife, phenological patterns of plants and activity patterns of animals) and (iii) orientation towards engaging with ...
