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Jan 27, 2023 · Allison, a Nobel laureate whose research led to the discovery of the T-cell antigen receptor and the anti CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab, and director of James P. Allison Institute, Regental Chair of Immunology, and vice president of immunobiology at MD Anderson Cancer Center, said to The Cancer Letter. Allison is also the Olga Keith Wiess Distinguished University Chair for Cancer Research and ...
Oct 22, 2018 · Allison’s lab now had a fairly complete picture of the steps required for T-cell activation against disease. First, the T cell needed to recognize the sick cell by its unique protein fingerprint ...
Both Allison and Honjo set out to understand how a type of white blood cell called T cells work. T cells can detect invading bacteria, viruses and other dangers such as cancer before multiplying and recruiting other elements of the immune system to join the fight. “They can recognise almost anything that nature throws at you,” Allison explains.
- The Mighty T Cell
- Targets For Immune-Boosting Drugs: Allison’s Work on CTLA-4
- Targets For Immune-Boosting Drugs: Honjo’S Work on PD-1
- Where Are We Now?
- What’s Left to do?
T cells live in our bodies and protect us from foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. And, under the right conditions, they can also destroy cancer cells. T cells circulate our bodies scanning for molecular flags that signal ‘danger’. And they’re constantly making decisions about how to react to what they’re inspecting. They can either do ...
In 1996, Allison and his team found that CTLA-4 workslike a silencing switch on T cells – preventing them from assembling an army of supporting immune cells to attack foreign invaders. And in landmark work, the team showed early signs of how this knowledge could transform cancer treatment. They gave mice with cancer a molecule that blocks CTLA-4, f...
The surface of T cells now seemed like the best place to look for new molecules that controlled these immune cells. Only a few years later Professor Tasuku Honjo and his team identified another molecule that influences T cell activity, called PD-1. PD-1 sticks to a molecule on cancer cells called PD-L1. This interaction causes the immune cells to i...
Thanks to these two scientists, and the teams of researchers involved, many companies are now developing drugs that block CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1. And the hunt for other similar molecules continues. Ipilimumab (Yervoy)was the first of its kind to emerge from Allison’s discovery. It’s designed to block CTLA-4 so that the T cells stay switched on, fre...
Despite great progress, responses to immunotherapy like Jolene’s are the exception, rather than the rule. But Quezada is feeling good about the future. “If you think CTLA-4 and PD-1 have revolutionised the way we think about cancer therapy in the last eight years, imagine what the drugs in the pipeline could do,” he says. “There’s a huge amount of ...
Oct 1, 2018 · T cells, a type of white blood cell, are part of the immune system and help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute. Detail of breast ...
The idea of using the immune system to fight cancer has been around for decades, with multiple false starts along the way. The field of cancer immunotherapy had largely been focused entirely on ways in which to turn T cells on, with implementation of therapies such as cytokines, for example IL-2, or antigenic vaccines.
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Photo: A. Mahmoud. James P. Allison The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018. Born: 7 August 1948, Alice, TX, USA. Affiliation at the time of the award: Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. Prize motivation: “for their discovery of cancer ...
