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Physics provides the best example of why theory is central to the success of a scientific discipline. It also provides examples of how “wrong” theories such as the “luminiferous ether theory” which was conceived to explain the propagation of light, was useful in framing observations.
Jan 6, 2009 · The methods investigators use to study such things argue against the idea—however plausible it may once have seemed—that scientists do or should rely exclusively on their perceptual systems to obtain the evidence they need.
Jan 6, 2009 · In this entry, we trace the contours of traditional philosophical engagement with questions surrounding theory and observation in science that attempted to segregate the theoretical from the observational, and to cleanly delineate between the observable and the unobservable.
- Nora Mills Boyd, James Bogen
- 2002
Theoretical biology plays a much lesser role than theoretical physics because physical thinking strives for unification principle across the universe while biology is confronted with a breathtaking diversity of life forms and its historical development on a single planet.
Sep 9, 2014 · For scientists, uncertainty obscures theoretical questions. For people who rely on science, uncertainty obscures choices. Those awaiting a signal for action need to know whether the evidence is certain enough to pass the threshold defined by their decision rule.
- Baruch Fischhoff, Alex L. Davis
- 10.1073/pnas.1317504111
- 2014
- 2014/09/09
The guiding principles that follow provide a framework for how valid inferences are supported, characterize the grounds on which scientists criticize one another’s work, and with hindsight, describe what scientists do.
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Jul 14, 2022 · For the assessment of futures research, it is crucial that the theoretical foundations be clearly documented. The theoretical foundations of the results permits external criticism and improvement – the conditions of the possibility of scientific progress (see “Transparency”).
