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The first step in the processes that constitute DNA expression is the synthesis of RNA, by a template mechanism that is in many ways analogous to DNA replication. Because the RNA that is synthesized is a complementary copy of information contained in DNA, RNA synthesis is referred to as transcription. There are three key differences between ...
- Nucleic Acid Structure
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the nucleic acid that stores...
- Rna Translation and Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis is accomplished by orderly interactions...
- Nucleic Acid Structure
The RNA polymerase covers about 30 bp of the template DNA, including the transcription bubble of 12–14 bp, within which the growing transcript is held to the template strand of the DNA by approximately eight RNA-DNA base pairs (Figure 10.2). The RNA polymerase has to keep a tight grip on both the DNA template and the RNA that it is making in order to prevent the transcription complex from ...
- Terence A Brown
- 2002
- 2002
The plausibility of this scheme is supported by laboratory experiments showing that one of these simpler forms (PNA—see Figure 6-93) can act as a template for the synthesis of complementary RNA molecules, because the overall geometry of the bases is similar in the two molecules. Presumably, pre-RNA polymers also catalyzed the formation of ...
2. Continuous vs. discontinuous synthesis. DNA synthesis: fork moves down DNA making complements to both strands; one new strand is made continuously and one discontinuously. Ligase is needed for synthesis of lagging strand. RNA synthesis: RNA polymerase moves down DNA making complement to one strand or the other (in any particular region ...
Cells access the information stored in DNA by creating RNA, through the process of transcription, which then directs the synthesis of proteins through the process of translation. The three main types of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
The almost immediate release of the RNA strand from the DNA as it is synthesized means that many RNA copies can be made from the same gene in a relatively short time, the synthesis of additional RNA molecules being started before the first RNA is completed . When RNA polymerase molecules follow hard on each other's heels in this way, each moving at about 20 nucleotides per second (the speed in ...
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What is the difference between RNA synthesis and transcription?
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In fact, this flow of information from DNA to RNA and finally to protein is considered the central dogma of genetics, and it is the starting point for understanding the function of the genetic ...
