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- The Elmira system classified and separated various types of prisoners, gave them individualized treatment emphasizing vocational training and industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences, rewarded good behaviour, and paroled inmates under supervision.
www.britannica.com/topic/Elmira-systemElmira system | Rehabilitation, Reform & Prisoners | Britannica
Jan 10, 2014 · In the mid 1880s, the State of Kansas recognized the need for a reformatory in Kansas. Modeled after the nation’s first reformatory established in Elmira, New York, the reformatory concept focused on reforming first-time male offenders between the ages of 16 and 30 through vocational training and academic education.
Elmira Reformatory in upstate New York offered the most successful program of approaches since the eighteenth-century origins of American correctional education. Zebulon Reed Brockway, who established the Elmira prison program, served in prison reform for fifty years.
May 22, 2017 · In May 1876, Brockway was sworn in as superintendent of the newly constructed Elmira Reformatory in Elmira, New York, the nation’s first correctional institution for male felons between the ages of sixteen and thirty.
The Elmira Reformatory was founded in 1876 as an initiative to transform prisons from institutions of punishment to places of rehabilitation. Its first superintendent, Zebulon Brockway, designed a system through which first time offenders were educated and reformed to reenter society as model citizens.
An analysis of the investigations of the Elmira Reformatory, annual reports, and other sources reveals that there was a significant disparity between the aims of pioneer reform efforts—e.g., individualized treatment, indeterminate sentence, parole—and achieved results. Elmira was, in fact, a prison.
This study encompasses the full history of the Elmira reformatory model that was based on a highly structured disciplinary penal program designed to instill, in the offender, behavioral changes that would help to develop socially and morally conforming conduct within the prison population and enable the offender to reintegrate productively back ...
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