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imprisonment. Elmira system, American penal system named after Elmira Reformatory, in New York. In 1876 Zebulon R. Brockway became an innovator in the reformatory movement by establishing Elmira Reformatory for young felons. Brockway was much influenced by the mark system, developed in Australia by Alexander Maconochie, whereby credits, or ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Elmira Reformatory in upstate New York offered the most successful program of approaches since the eighteenth-century origins of American correctional education. Zebulon Reed Brockway, who established the Elmira prison program, served in prison reform for fifty years. He constructed a coherent structure for prison education as offering varied ...
History. Elmira Correctional Facility is a maximum security institution receiving first offender male felons 21 to 30 years old by direct commitment from the courts. It also receives youths from the Reception Center, usually ages 18 to 20, who have a more serious background, but who show good potential for rehabilitation.
In 1869, the Legislature authorized purchase of a 280-acre site in Elmira and earmarked the new facility for reformatory purposes, restricting it to first offenders between the ages of 16 and 30. The reformatory finally opened on July 24, 1876, with Brockway as warden, when 30 inmates were transferred from Auburn Prison.
A nation's first reformatory. When New York's Elmira Reformatory opened in 1876, it rejected 19th century penology's holy trinity of silence, obedience and labor. Elmira's goal would be reform of the convict, and its methods would be psychological rather than physical. Instead of coercing with the lash, Elmira would encourage with rewards.
May 22, 2017 · Ed. Note: In the history of the criminal justice system of the United States there is considerable evidence that social welfare reformers and progressives helped improve the conditions of local jails, reformatories and prisons and the treatment of prisoners. For example, presentations and reports of standing committees at the annual meetings of ...
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Aug 1, 2017 · Abstract. Elmira Reformatory in the United States is known to criminologists and penologists as the institutional birthplace of the “reformatory movement” where young and first offenders could work their way up and out of the prison through application and good institutional adjustment. Historians know its previous incarnation as a dreaded ...
