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  1. A distinguishing feature of both the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems is that a relatively discrete population of neurons (in the dorsal raphe, and the locus ceruleus, respectively) innervates a wide swath of distal targets, making possible precisely the kind of global and coordinated effects on information processing that an emotional state like fear requires.

  2. Aug 1, 2023 · Constructivist theories of emotion posit that fear and other discrete emotions come to be when people predictively make meaning of physiological signals from their bodies related to allostasis (i.e., the biological processes that anticipate future needs and proactively regulate homeostasis) using culturally derived notions of what specific emotions are (i.e., emotion concepts) (Barrett, 2017b ...

  3. Considering Anger. 4.1. An Introduction to the Structure and Functions of Anger. Another line of research that has illustrated the importance of adopting both discrete and dimensional theoretical perspectives to better understand the functions of emotions is work on anger. That is, anger is a discrete (and likely basic) emotion but emotion ...

  4. Aug 1, 2022 · Fear has been well-represented in theories of discrete emotion throughout history. It was one of the original six emotions identified by Darwin (1872).Similarly, Izard's cross-cultural work on facial expression of emotions included “terror,” a close relative of fear, among the primary emotions (Izard, 1994; Izard, 2007).

  5. An experience of an affective state as a discrete and bounded event that, in English, can be labeled with emotion words such as “anger,” “disgust,” “fear,” etc. Discrete emotions may stand in contrast to more general experiences of affect as feelings of pleasure or displeasure and high v. low activation (e.g. some discrete instances of fear, anger, and disgust may share similar ...

  6. According to basic emotion theory, humans and animals experience discrete categories of each emotion because each emotion is an adaptation that developed to solve an adaptive problem. For instance, over time via evolution, the discrete emotion of fear developed as a mechanism to avoid danger and enhance the survival of our genes.

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  8. Apr 20, 2024 · Fear alerts us to the presence of danger or the threat of harm, whether that danger is physical or psychological. Whereas the biochemical changes that fear produces are universal, emotional responses are highly individual. Fear produces biochemical and emotional reactions to a perceived threat, whether that danger is actual or imagined.

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