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Feb 8, 2022 · MISO’s cost estimation guide contains costs both for alternating current (A/C) transmission lines and for. high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. Both types of transmission lines rely on some. similar project costs (i.e., land costs, conductor costs), and some unique costs dependent on the scope of.
Sep 17, 2024 · Monthly average retail prices for gasoline and fuel oil for Canada, selected provincial cities, Whitehorse and Yellowknife. Prices are presented for the current month and previous four months. Includes fuel type and the price in cents per litre.
Overview. The Iso- Octane Market size is forecast to reach USD 9.56 Billion by 2030, after growing at a CAGR of 8.74% during the forecast period 2024-2030. The Iso-Octane Market is driven by multiple factors. First, there is a growing market for automobiles with great performance and low fuel use.
The cost of producing incremental octane was calculated using two approaches and was shown to be less than the market price of octane. Gasoline, gasoline components, and feedstocks (e.g. naphtha) used to make gasoline are global commodities that are frequently traded between regions and countries.
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- Introduction
- Executive Summary
- Phase 1: Analysis of Gasoline Octane Costs
- Phase 2: Future Gasoline Octane Scenarios
In 2017, the U.S. average retail premium gasoline price was $0.50 per gallon (gal) more than the price of regular gasoline. The difference between premium gasoline and regular gasoline prices began to increase in approximately 2010. The cause of this price spread may be the result of a change in U.S. refinery operations or retail gasoline pricing d...
In the United States, since approximately 2010, the price difference between regular gasoline with an octane rating, or Anti–Knock Index (AKI), of 87, and premium gasoline with an AKI of 91 has been increasing. Between 2010 and 2017, the U.S. average retail price difference between premium gasoline and regular gasoline doubled, from approximately $...
This section examines the possible causes for the increasing premium–to–regular price spread related to the production of motor gasoline and its components at refineries in the United States. To that end, EIA retained Baker & O’Brien to analyze the factors and conditions at refineries that could result in the increasing spread. Baker & O’Brien’s an...
In Phase 2, Baker & O’Brien analyzed whether or not the U.S. domestic refining industry would be capable of meeting higher octane demand if the octane requirements for retail gasoline increased. The scenario assumes that, beginning with model year 2023, all light–duty vehicles in the United States will require a minimum 95 research octane number (R...
OPIS tracks current and historical pricing for oil products across the entire fuel supply chain. OPIS provides pricing reports, raw data, mobile apps and web-based pricing tools for the spot (also referred to as “bulk”), wholesale rack and retail fuel markets.
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An octane number beyond 100 can only be obtained by an extrapolated octane rating curve or utilizing octane enhancers such as tetra-ethyl lead with the iso-octane reference fuel [14].
