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Joseon was a Korean kingdom that lasted from 1392 to 1897, founded by Taejo of Joseon after overthrowing Goryeo. It adopted Confucianism as the state ideology, faced invasions from Japan and China, and was replaced by the Korean Empire.
Learn about the rise and fall of the Joseon dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897. Explore the early and late periods, the Imjin War, the Qing invasion, and the royal archives of the Joseon dynasty.
Sep 19, 2024 · Joseon dynasty, the last and longest-lived imperial dynasty (1392–1910) of Korea. Founded by Gen. Yi Seong-Gye, who established the capital at Hanyang (present-day Seoul), the kingdom was named Joseon for the state of the same name that had dominated the Korean peninsula in ancient times.
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Rise to the throne
By the late fourteenth century, the 400-year-old Goryeo Dynasty established by Wang Geon in 918 tottered, its foundations collapsing from years of war and de facto occupation from the disintegrating Mongol Empire. The legitimacy of the Goryeo became a bone of contention within the royal court. The ruling house failed to govern the kingdom effectively. On top of that, generations of forced intermarriage with the Yuan Dynasty tarnished the royal lineage. Rivalry erupted among family branches, e...
Establishing the Joseon Dynasty
King Taejo intended to continue as Goryeo, only changing to royal line of descent from himself. He changed his mind to deal with the Gwonmun nobles and Wang clan who swore allegiance to Goryeo royal line. He sensed the need to clearly break from the past corrupt dynasty, believing that declaring a new dynasty represented to best way to make a clean break. In 1393, King Taejo declared a new dynasty, the Joseon dynasty, reviving the ancient Joseonfounded nearly four thousand years previously. T...
Hanyang the New Capital
Calls came for a new capital, in accordance with the Chinese feng-shui philosophy of geomancy. Three sites came into consideration: the foot of Mount Gyeryong and the cities of Muak and Hanyang. The throne disqualified Mount Gyeryong for the rough terrain and difficulty to communicate with the rest of the country. Taejo decided on Hanyang due to easy access from sea and land, centrality of Hanyang, and the fertile Han River valley. For centuries, Korean geomancers claimed that this location o...
The Joseon Dynasty, as with each of the Korean dynasties, enjoyed a golden age of development. Korean Tea Ceremony and Korean Gardens stand out as two examples of the cultural innovations of the period. The royal dynasty also built fortresses, trading harbors, and palaces. Many Korean inventions come from this period including the first sundial in ...
During the Goryeo Dynasty, Korea had vigorous trade with the Arabians, Japanese, Chinese, and Manchurians. Pyongnam provided an example of a prosperous, international trading port. Koreans traded brocades, jewelries, ginseng, silk, and highly sought after celadon porcelain. Those bluish-green or jade-colored porcelain vases had been crafted by Gory...
Main Articles: Japan's Korea War: First Invasion (1592-1596)Japan's Korea War: Second Invasion (1596-1598)Yi SunsinTurtle ship Korea suffered frequent pirate attacks by sea and land. The Korean navy secured the maritime trade against the pirates, achieving advantage over them with the use of cannons and fire arrows using gunpowder, in form of Singi...
Following those events the Korean Kingdom became increasingly isolationist, seeking to limit contact with foreign countries. The Ming Dynasty fell, partly from the losses in the war against Japan, leading to the establishment of the new Qing Dynasty. The Korean court decided to build tighter borders, exert more controls over inter-border traffic, a...
In the nineteenth century tensions mounted between Qing China and Japan, culminating in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). Japan and China fought much of the war on the Korean peninsula. Japan, after the Meiji Restoration, acquired Western military technology, forced Joseon to sign the Treaty of Ganghwain 1876. Japan encroached upon Korean te...
After the annexation of Korea in 1910, Japanforced the Princes and Princesses of the Imperial Family to live in Japan for re-education and marriage. The Heir to the Throne, Imperial Crown Prince Uimin, married Princess Yi Bang-ja nee Nashimoto, and had two sons, Princes Yi Jin and Yi Gu. His elder brother, Imperial Prince Ui had 12 sons and nine da...
During the Kingdom
1. King (王 왕 wang), the King, with the style of His Majesty (殿下 전하 jeonha) or, not as correct but yet still quite commonly, His Royal Highness (媽媽 마마 mama). Before the style of "jeon ha" were used a variety of titles for the king. For references to late monarchs the title was Great Predecessor King (先大王 선대왕 seondaewang) or Great King (大王 대왕 daewang); for foreign envoys the title used was State King (國王 국왕 gugwang); and for those in the court who needed to mention the king outside his presence...
During the Empire
1. Hwangje (皇帝 황제), the Emperor, with the style of His Imperial Majesty (陛下 폐하 pyeha) 2. Hwanghu(皇后 황후), the Empress (consort), with the style of Her Imperial Majesty 3. Hwangtaehu(皇太后 황태후), the Empress Dowager 4. Taehwangtaehu(太皇太后 태황태후), the Empress Dowager, current Emperor's living grandmother 5. Hwangtaeja (皇太子 황태자), the Crown Prince of the Empire, the eldest son of Emperor, with the style of His Imperial Highness (殿下 전하 jeonha) 6. Hwangtaeja-bi(皇太子妃 황태자비), the Crown Princess (consort) of...
Cho, Wan-je, and Hong-gyu Chʻoe. 2000. A cultural history of modern Korea: history of Korean civilization. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym. ISBN 978-1565911086Kang, Jae-eun, and Suzanne Lee. 2006. The land of scholars: two thousand years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, NJ: Homa & Sekey Books. ISBN 978-1931907309Koo, John H., and Andrew C. Nahm. 1997. An introduction to Korean culture. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym. ISBN 978-1565910867Kungnip Chʻunchʻŏn Pangmulgwan. 2002. Our land, our true, view landscape: special exhibition, true, view landscape paintings of Joseon Dynasty. Seoul: Chuncheon National Museum. OCLC 52917695Learn about the history, culture, and legacy of the Joseon Dynasty, the last and longest-lasting Confucian dynasty in Korea. Founded by Taejo in 1392, the dynasty lasted until 1910, when Japan annexed Korea.
Feb 2, 2021 · The Joseon (Choson) Dynasty ruled Korea from 1392 CE to 1897 CE, and scholars typically break this 500-year dynasty into three periods: the Early Joseon, the Middle Joseon, and the Late Joseon periods.
Learn about the history and geography of Joseon, the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, from 1392 to 1897. Explore the map and timeline of its founding, expansion, decline, and fall, as well as its culture, politics, and relations with China and Japan.
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Jan 13, 2019 · The Joseon Dynasty ruled over a united Korean Peninsula for more than 500 years, from the fall of the Goryeo Dynasty in 1392 through the Japanese Occupation of 1910. The cultural innovations and achievements of Korea's last dynasty continue to influence society in modern-day Korea.
