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The American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps, also known as the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, was an organization started in London, England, in the fall of 1914 by Richard Norton, a noted archeologist and son of Harvard professor Charles Eliot Norton.
In the First World War, Richard was the organiser and head of the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps (also known as the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps) which served on the front in France from 1914 until it was taken over by the American Army in 1917.
RICHARD NORTON'S MOTOR-AMBULANCE CORPS. The foremost figure among the scores of American university men who, in 1914, 1915, and 1916, gave their services to the ambulance corps in France, Belgium, and the Near East, was Richard Norton.
- Background↑
- The Harjes Formation↑
- The American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps↑
- The American Ambulance Field Service↑
- Us Entry Into The War↑
- Us Army Ambulance↑
American war volunteering efforts in Europe began as soon as hostilities commenced in early August 1914, centring in large part on ambulance and other medical relief initiatives in France. Most of these efforts had an early association with the original American Hospital, founded four years earlier in Neuilly in Paris. Members of the expatriate Ame...
In early October 1914 Harjes and his wife Frederica Berwind Harjes (1877? -1954), a member of the American Ambulance Hospital board, set up a mobile field hospital comprising several surgeons, orderlies, and drivers and set off to work in the Compiègne-Montdidier sector north of Paris, providing medical assistance for the French army. Their work co...
Richard Norton’s "Anglo-American" Corps began around the same time as Harjes and allied itself with the British Red Cross(BRC) after the American Ambulance Hospital refused to sponsor it. The hospital was initially unwilling to develop a large ambulance wing. The BRC helped underwrite some of Norton’s operating costs and used the corps to distribut...
The work of the American Field Service, meanwhile, grew more directly and organically out of the American Ambulance Hospital in Neuilly. Differences remained between those on its board who wished to concentrate on core hospital work and others who saw the practical value of a mobile service. (The "Ambulance" in the hospital title had the associatio...
The volunteers continued in service under their own auspices until the US entered the war in April 1917, when they were amalgamated in October 1917 into the United States Army Ambulance Service (USAAS) and AEF Transportation Division. At the time of handover, the American Field Service comprised thirty-three sections (thirty-four at its peak) with ...
Leading the French military mission visit to the US in May 1917, Marshal Joseph Joffre (1852-1931)specifically highlighted the work and model of the volunteer ambulance services, identifying the continued supply of ambulance units to the French army as a priority area. Mobilisation by the US Medical Department of the United States Army Ambulance Se...
established the Armco Ambulance Corps, a unit of 15 employee volunteers. The Armco men served in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, another volunteer unit started by archaeologist and professor, Richard Norton. The Corps served in the Battle of La Malmaison, retreats of 1918, and the Hundred Days Offensive, in Section 646 alongside French
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At the outbreak of WWI (fall of 1914) he organized the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps, known also as "Norton's Corps." It later merged with the H.H. Harjes ambulance unit of the French army and in 1917 was absorbed by the U.S. Army with the American entrance into the war.
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parallel but separate ambulance service to the French Army was also being provided by two Red Cross-affiliated groups: one comprised British volunteers under H. H. Hajes and another American volunteers under Richard Norton. These two groups combined into the Norton-Hajes Ambulance Service under the American Red Cross.
