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Mar 26, 2012 · Schrodinger asks what place consciousness occupies in the evolution of life, and what part the state of development of the human mind plays in moral questions. Brought together with these two classics are Schr dinger's autobiographical sketches, published and translated here for the first time.
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- Erwin Schrodinger
- Cambridge University Press
What Is Life? with Mind and Matter and Autobiographical Sketches (1944) is written by Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961), an Austrian quantum physicist intrigued by genetics and philosophy. What is life in a physical sense?
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Feb 7, 2021 · Though Schr\"{o}dinger's book is often hailed for its influence on some of the titans who founded molecular biology, this article takes a different tack.
Mar 26, 2012 · Schrodinger asks what place consciousness occupies in the evolution of life, and what part the state of development of the human mind plays in moral questions. Brought together with these two classics are Schr dinger's autobiographical sketches, published and translated here for the first time.
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- Erwin Schrodinger
- Erwin Schrödinger
- MIND AND MATTER
- Foreword
- Preface
- The Classical PhysicistJs Approach to the Subject
- The Hereditary Mechanism
- IN MITOSIS EVERY CHROMOSOME IS DUPLICATED
- HAPLOID INDIVIDUALS
- PERMANENCE
- Mutations
- LOCALIZATION. RECESSIVITY AND DOMINANCE
- INTRODUCING SOME TECHNICAL LANGUAGE
- HARMFUL EFFECT OF CLOSE-BREEDING
- GENERAL AND HISTORICAL REMARKS
- MOLECULES
- MATHEMATICAL INTERLUDE
- FIRST AMENDMENT
- DelbruckJs Model Discussed and Tested
- SOME TRADITIONAL MISCONCEPTIONS
- DIFFERE·NT 'STATES' OF MATTER
- THE DISTINCTION THAT REALLY MATTERS
- THE APERIODIC SOLID
- THE SOMETIMES LOWER STABILITY OF MUTANTS
- HOW X-RAYS PRODUCE MUTATION
- Order) Disorder and Entropy
- FEEDS ON 'NEGATIVE ENTROPY'
- Is Life Based on the Laws ofPhysics?
- REVIEWING THE BIOLOGICAL SITUATION
- SUMMARIZING THE PHYSICAL SITUATION
- THE STRIKING CONTRAST
- THE MOTION OF A CLOCK
- CLOCKWORK AFTER ALL STATISTICAL
- NERNST'S THEOREM
- On Determinism and Free Will
- To
- THE PROBLEM
- TENTATIVE ANSWER
- ETHICS
- A BIOLOGICAL BLIND ALLEY?
- BEHAVIOUR INFLUENCES SELECTION
- FEIGNED LAMARCKISM
- The Principle of Objectivation
- The Arithmetical Paradox: The Oneness ofMind
- Science and Religion
- en
- The Mystery ofthe Sensual Qualities
& AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES This page intentionally left blank
When I was a young mathematics student in the early 1950S I did not read a great deal, but what I did read - at least if I completed the book - was usually by Erwin Schrodinger. I always found his writing to be compelling, and there was an excitement of discovery, with the prospect of gaining some genuinely new understanding about this mysterious w...
scientist is supposed to have a complete and thorough knowledge, at first hand, of some subjects and, therefore, is usually expected not to write on any topic of which he is not a master. This is regarded as a matter of noblesse oblige. For the present purpose I beg to renounce the noblesse, if any, and to be freed of the ensuing obligation. My exc...
Cogito ergo sum. DESCARTES THE GENERAL CHARACTER AND THE PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION This little book arose from a course of public lectures, delivered by a theoretical physicist to an audience of about four hundred which did not substantially dwindle, though warned at the outset that the subject-matter was a difficult one and that the lectures co...
Das Sein ist ewig; denn Gesetze Bewahren die lebend'genSchatze, Aus welchen sich das All geschmiickt. I GOETHE THE CLASSICAL PHYSICIST'S EXPECTATION, FAR FROM BEING TRIVIAL, IS WRONG Thus we have come to the conclusion that an organism and all the biologically relevant processes that it experiences must have an extremely 'many-atomic' structure and...
How do the chromosomes behave on mitosis? They duplicate 'Ontogenesis is the development of the individual, during its lifetime, as opposed to phylogenesis, the development ofspecies within geological periods. 2Very roughly, a hundred or a thousand (English) billions. both sets, both copies of the code, duplicate. The process has been intensively s...
One other point needs rectification. Though not indispensable for our purpose it is of real interest, since it shows that actually a fairly complete code-script of the 'pattern' is contained in every single set ofchromosomes. There are instances of meiosis not being followed shortly after by fertilization, the haploid cell (the 'gamete') under goin...
Let us now turn to the second highly relevant question: What degree of permanence do we encounter in hereditary properties and what must we therefore attribute to the material structures which carry them? The answer to this can really be given without any special investigation. The mere fact that we speak of hereditary properties indicates that we ...
Und was in schwankender Erscheinung schwebt, Befestiget mit dauernden Gedanken. I GOETHE 'JUMP-LIKE' MUTATIONS - THE WORKING GROUND OF NATURAL SELECTION The general facts which we have just put forward in evidence of the durability claimed for the gene structure, are perhaps too familiar to us to be striking or to be regarded as convincing. Here, f...
We must now review some other fundamental facts and notions about mutations, again in a slightly dogmatic manner, without showing directly how they spring, one by one, from experimental evidence. We should expect a definite observed mutation to be caused by a change in a definite region in one of the chromosomes. IAmple discussion has been given to...
I think it will make for clarity to explain here a few technical terms. For what I called 'version of the code-script' - be it the original one or a mutant one - the term 'allele' has been adopted. When the versions are different, as indicated in Fig. 8, the individual is called heterozygous, with respect to that locus. When they are equal, as in t...
Recessive mutations, as long as they are only heterozygous, are of course no working-ground for natural selection. If they are detrimental, as mutations very often are, they will never theless not be eliminated, because they are latent. Hence quite a host of unfavourable mutations may accumulate and do no immediate damage. But they are, of course, ...
The fact that the recessive allele, when heterozygous, is completely overpowered by the dominant and produces no visible effect at all, is amazing. I t ought at least to be mentioned that there are exceptions to this behaviour. When homozygous white snapdragon is crossed with, equally homo zygous, crimson snapdragon, all the immediate descendants a...
Among the discrete set of states of a given selection of atoms there need not necessarily but there may be a lowest level, implying a close approach of the nuclei to each other. Atoms am adopting the version which is usually given in popular treatment and which suffices for our present purpose. But I have the bad conscience of one who perpetuates a...
It might be as well to point out in mathematical language - for those readers to whom it appeals - the reason for this enormous sensitivity to changes in the level step or temper ature, and to add a few physical remarks of a similar kind. The reason is that the time of expectation, call it t, depends on the ratio W/kTby an exponential function, thu...
In offering these considerations as a theory of the stability of the molecule it has been tacitly assumed that the quantum jump which we called the 'lift' leads, if not to a complete disintegration, at least to an essentially different configuration of the same atoms - an isomeric molecule, as the chemist would say, that is, a molecule composed of ...
Sane sicut lux seipsam et tenebras manifestat, sic veritas norma sui et falsi est. I SPINOZA, Ethics, Pt II, Prop. 43. THE GENERAL PICTURE OF THE HEREDITARY SUBSTANCE From these facts emerges a very simple answer to our question, namely: Are these structures, composed ofcompara tively few atoms, capable of withstanding for long periods the disturbi...
But it may be asked: Are there really no other endurable structures composed of atoms except molecules? Does not a gold coin, for example, buried in a tomb for a couple of thousand years, preserve the traits of the portrait stamped on it? It is true that the coin consists of an enormous number of atoms, but surely we are in this case not inclined t...
Now I would not go so far as to say that all these statements and distinctions are quite wrong. For practical purposes they are sometimes useful. But in the true aspect of the structure of matter the limits must be drawn in an entirely different way. The fundamental distinction is between the two lines of the following scheme of 'equations': molecu...
We have thus justified everything in the above scheme, except the main point, namely, that we wish a molecule to be regarded as a solid == crystal. The reason for this is that the atoms forming a molecule, whether there be few or many of them, are united by forces of exactly the same nature as the numerous atoms which build up a true solid, a cryst...
small molecule might be called 'the germ of a solid'. Starting from such a small solid germ, there seem to be two different ways of building up larger and larger associations. One is the comparatively dull way of repeating the same structure in three directions again and again. That is the way followed in a growing crystal. Once the periodicity is ...
But, of course, as regards the mutants which occur in our breeding experiments and which we select, qua mutants, for studying their offspring, there is no reason to expect that they should all show that very high stability. For they have not yet been 'tried out' - or, if they have, they have been 'rejected'in the wild breeds - possibly for too high...
Turning now to the X-ray-induced mutation rate, we have already inferred from the breeding experiments, first (from the proportionality of mutation rate, and dosage), that some single event produces the mutation; secondly (from quantita tive results and from the fact that the mutation rate is determined by the integrated ionization density and inde...
Nec corpus mentem ad cogitandum, nec mens corpus ad motum, neque ad quietem, nec ad aliquid (si quid est) aliud determinare potest. I SPINOZA, Ethics, Pt III, Prop.2 A REMARKABLE GENERAL CONCLUSION FROM THE MODEL Let me refer to the phrase on p. 62, in which I tried to explain that the molecular picture of the gene made it at least conceivable that...
It is by avoiding the rapid decay into the inert state of 'equilibrium'that an organism appears so enigmatic; so much so, that from the earliest times of human thought some special non-physical or supernatural force (vis viva, entelechy) was claimed to be operative in the organism, and in some quarters is still claimed. How does the living organism...
Si un hombre nunca se contradice, sera porque nunca dice nada. I MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO (quoted from conversation) NEW LAWS TO BE EXPECTED IN THE ORGANISM What I wish to make clear in this last chapter is, in short, that from all we have learnt about the structure of living matter, we must be prepared to find it working in a manner that cannot be reduce...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
In this last chapter I wish to demonstrate in a little more detail the very strange state of affairs already noticed in a famous fragment of Democritus of Abdera - the strange fact that on the one hand all our knowledge about the world around us, both that gained in everyday life and that revealed by the most carefully planned and painstaking labor...
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Schrodinger asks what place consciousness occupies in the evolution of life, and what part the state of development of the human mind plays in moral questions. Brought together with these two classics are Schr dinger's autobiographical sketches, published and translated here for the first time.
- Erwin Schrodinger/Penrose
Schrodinger asks what place consciousness occupies in the evolution of life, and what part the state of development of the human mind plays in moral questions. Brought together with these two classics are Schr dinger's autobiographical sketches, published and translated here for the first time.
- Erwin Schrodinger
