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- Below you will find a quick summary of the major events with links to more information. As will be shown, the period between the invasions of Caesar and Claudius did not constitute a 'Roman-free' period, but rather was one of growing contact, trade and a gradual spread of Roman influence and culture throughout southeast Britain and beyond.
warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/warwickclassicsnetwork/romancoventry/resources/interactions/invasion/
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The Roman conquest of Britain was the Roman Empire's conquest of most of the island of Britain, which was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. It began in earnest in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, and was largely completed in the southern half of Britain (most of England and Wales) by AD 87, when the Stanegate was established.
Over 2,000 years ago, the Romans first arrived in Britain. Although that was way back in the past, many clues still survive which tell us what life was like during Roman times.
Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, [1] consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain. The occupation lasted from AD 43 to AD 410. [2] [3] Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BC as part of his Gallic Wars. [4]
In AD 43, the Roman emperor Claudius launched an invasion of Britain, and over the next 45 years the Roman army gradually extended its control. Why did the Romans invade Britain, how and where did they land, and how did the invasion campaign progress?
- Britain Before Rome
- Caesar's Campaign
- Claudius' Invasion
- Revolts & Consolidation
- Romanization
- Agricola's Campaign
- Hadrian's Wall & The Antonine Wall
- 3Rd-4Th-Century Developments
- Abandonment & Aftermath
At the time of the Roman arrival, Britain (originally known as Albion) was mostly comprised of small Iron Age communities, primarily agrarian, tribal, with enclosed settlements. Southern Britain shared their culture with northern Gaul (modern-day France and Belgium); many southern Britons were Belgae in origin and shared a common language with them...
Although Julius Caesar's presence did not result in conquest, it was this intense trade – some claim it was partly ego – that brought the Roman commander across the Channel in both 55 and 54 BCE. Previously, the Channel, or Mare Britannicum, had always served as a natural border between the European mainland and the islands. During his subjugation ...
With the assassination of Julius Caesar and the civil war that followed, the Republic was no more, and the new Roman Empire's interest in Britannia intensified under both emperors Augustus and Caligulaas the Romanization of Gaul progressed. While Augustus' attentions were drawn elsewhere, Caligula and his army stared across the Channel towards the ...
There was, however, considerable resistance; the Britons were not about to quit without a fight. Caratacus, a member of the Catuvellauni, rallied considerable support in Wales only to be captured in 51 CE. After his defeat, he escaped and made his way to a region controlled by Brigantes whose queen quickly turned him over to the Romans. He and his ...
The Battle of Watling Street was the last serious threat to Roman authority in the lowlands. Aside from his victory against Boudicca, in his desire to strengthen Roman presence, Paulinus also eliminated the Druid stronghold at Anglesey; the Druid religion had always been considered a threat to the Romans and their imperial cult. Accordingly, the go...
From 77 to 83 CE the military commander Gnaeus Julius Agricola – ironically the father-in-law of Tacitus – served as governor. It was not Agricola's first time In Britain. He had served there as a young man on Suetonius Paulinus' staff as a military tribune. In his On Britain and Germany,the historian wrote about Agricola's previous stay in Britain...
Unfortunately, his success would not go unnoticed by Domitian, who, in a fit of jealousy, recalled Agricola. The territory he had long desired to the north, Scotland, would not be fully conquered for years to come. Eventually, a 73 mile (118 km) long stone and turf wall would be built between the province of Britain and barbarian territories under ...
Further changes soon came to the island. In order to rule more efficiently, the island was divided in half, Britannia Superior governed from London, and Britannia Inferior governed from York (Eboracum). Emperor Diocletianwould later divide the province into four separate regions. Because of Diocletian's tetrarchy, Britain was then placed under the ...
However, along with the arrival of Christianity, by the end of the 4th century CE, Rome was having trouble maintaining control of Britain. After Alaric's sack of Rome in 410 CE, the western half of the empire began to undergo significant changes; Spain, Britain, and the better part of Gaul would soon be lost. The eastern half of the empire, based i...
- Donald L. Wasson
The Roman conquest and subsequent occupation of Britain, which ended in 410, left a permanent mark on Britain and on the island's future role in the world. Centuries later, as it acquired its own empire, it set itself the task of emulating Ancient Rome.
Mar 29, 2011 · Conquered for vanity, half-heartedly Romanised and eventually abandoned to its fate, Roman Britain represents a fascinating microcosm of the rise and fall of an empire. Why Britain? Why did...
