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John Balliol or John de Balliol[ 1 ] (c.1249 – late 1314), known derisively as Toom Tabard (meaning 'empty coat'), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, Scotland entered an interregnum during which several competitors for the Crown of Scotland put forward claims.
- Early Life & Family
- The End of The Canmore Dynasty
- The Great Cause
- Features of John's Reign
- Death & Successors
John II de Balliol was born c. 1249 CE and educated at Durham. He was a wealthy Norman-Scottish knight descended from Earl David, the younger brother of William I of Scotland (r. 1165-1214 CE). John was the third son of John I de Balliol and so, following his father's death and the premature deaths of his two elder brothers, he became the lord of B...
In 1249 CE Alexander III of Scotland inherited the throne from his father Alexander II of Scotland (r. 1214-1249 CE). He was just 8 years old and so his kingdom was governed by a council. This council included two men nominated by Henry III of England(r. 1216-1272 CE), whose sister Joan (d. 1238 CE) had been the first wife of Alexander II (but not ...
There were two main candidates to become the new king of Scotland: John Balliol and Robert the Bruce (b. 1210 CE and grandfather of his more famous namesake). Other candidates for the throne, and surprisingly, there were at least eleven of them, included several other Scottish nobles, a Dutch count and the King of Norway. A council was set up to co...
Alexander III had ruled with some success, expanding Scotland to its greatest territorial extent in the medieval period so far and overseeing a period of relative stability and prosperity. John, then, had a lot to live up to if he was to match what has often been termed a 'Golden Age' of Scottish history. John strengthened the role of the Scottish ...
Despite Edward I's best efforts, Scotland was never quite subdued, and more rebellions followed, notably the uprising led by William Wallace (c. 1270-1305 CE) and Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell. The rebels won a famous victory in September 1297 CE at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, but Edward, leading his army in person, won another encounter in July ...
- Mark Cartwright
King John Balliol. John Balliol (a.k.a. unflatteringly as Toom Tabard meaning "empty jacket") lived from 1250 to April 1313 and was King of Scotland from 17 November 1292 to 10 July 1296. He was the son of John, 5th Baron de Balliol, and Devorgilla, Lady of Galloway. The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline.
John Balliol, or John, 5th Baron de Balliol, lived from about 1205 to 25 October 1268. He was a leading Anglo-Scottish noble, husband of Devorgilla, Lady of Galloway, father of one Scottish King, John Balliol, and the grandfather of another, Edward Balliol. The wider picture in Scotland at the time is set out in our Historical Timeline.
John Balliol did just that. Even though the bully was the man who made him King in the first place! In the year 1290, Margaret the Maid of Norway, heir to Scotland’s throne died.
John Balliol was forced to abdicate on 10th July 1296 and there followed a 10 year interregnum during which Scotland was ruled remotely by Edward. The Stone of Scone was removed to Westminster where it remained for 700 years until 1996, John Balliol was imprisoned in the Tower of London but freed in 1299 to go into retirement in Normandy where ...
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John Balliol (r. 1292-1296) Born about 1250, John Balliol was the son of John, 5th Baron de Balliol and his wife Devorgilla, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway. The crown was awarded to him at Berwick on 17 November 1292. He swore fealty to Edward I, was installed as king at Scone and on 26 December at Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, and ...
