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Oct 6, 2021 · Whenever venomous non-ectoparasitic arthropods feel their burrow or nest threatened or experience an individual life-threatening situation (e.g., being cornered or trapped) they do actively inject a venom into human skin, either with a venomous bite, for instance, by using venomous claws (e.g., spiders, centipedes) or by using a venomous sting (scorpions, bees, bumblebees, wasps, and hornets).
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Apr 1, 2022 · Non-ectoparasitic arthropods usually irritate human skin as a matter of self-defense by using toxins released passively (poison) or actively (venom). Some authors characterize skin irritations of ...
blebees, wasps, and hornets). Poisonous non-ectoparasitic arthropods (e.g., millipedes, blister beetles) instead do not actively inject toxins. Their poison is passively released from injured tissue or intoxicates predators as poisonous spray. Some authors characterize skin irritations of non-ectoparasitic arthropods as epizoonoses in a wider ...
Apr 15, 2022 · Arthropods comprise the largest group of living animals, including thousands of species that inhabit marine and terrestrial niches in the biosphere. Among the major groups of terrestrial arthropods, several classes contain venomous species, such as arachnids (scorpions and spiders), hymenopterans (ants, bees, and wasps), and chilopods (centipedes).
We propose that, like non-human animals, humans have a distinct ectoparasite defence system that includes cutaneous sensory mechanisms, itch-generation mechanisms and grooming behaviours. The existence of adaptations for ectoparasite defence is supported by abundant evidence from non-human animals, as well as more recent evidence concerning human responses to ectoparasite cues.
This review presents the main species of venomous and poisonous arthropods, with commentary on the clinical manifestations provoked by the toxins and therapeutic measures used to treat human envenomations. The groups of arthopods discussed include the class Arachnida (spiders and scorpions, which ar …
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Dec 1, 2015 · Venomous arthropods are arthropod species that possess venom used for offense and defense. [1] Venomous arthropods produce chemical toxins which they use for assault and protection against ...
