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- The researchers found that more education makes people better able to cope with changes in the brain associated with dementia. Post-mortems showed the pathology - signs of disease - in the brains of people with and without long educations were at similar levels.
www.bbc.com/news/health-10741274Education 'helps brain compensate for dementia changes' - BBC
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Jul 23, 2010 · Examining the brains of 872 people who had been part of three large ageing studies, and who before their deaths had completed questionnaires about their education, the researchers found that more education makes people better able to cope with changes in the brain associated with dementia.
Researchers have proposed a number of mechanisms to explain the relationship between education and risk for dementia including: brain reserve, cognitive reserve, “use it or lose it”, the brain-battering hypothesis, ascertainment/diagnostic bias, and education as a proxy for a third variable (s).
Why Education May Help Prevent Dementia. Education could play an important role in improving cognitive reserve, which is the brain’s ability to cope with damage that would otherwise lead to dementia, according to Oh.
- Overview
- How adult education may help prevent dementia
- What is cognitive reserve?
- Fluid intelligence, visuospatial memory, and reaction time
- Education as a proxy for socioeconomic status
•Adult education is linked to a reduced risk of dementia in a new study.
•The study finds that people who took adult education classes were 19% less likely to develop dementia later on.
•Experts advise that the most important overall action is maintaining a healthy lifestyle that helps keep the body and mind fit.
People who took adult education classes in middle-to-old age are less likely to develop dementia or experience cognitive decline later on in life, according to a new study from Tohoku University in Senda, Japan.
Individuals participating in adult education classes at the start of the study had a 19% lower risk of dementia five years later.
The study’s author analyzed data from 282,421 people who had enrolled with the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. At enrollment, they were between 40 and 69 years old and were followed for 7 years for the purposes of this study.
Drawing on a population that spans 29 years in age, it is unclear if there is an age at which the protective benefit of adult education begins.
“Our study cannot indicate this”, said first author Dr. Hikaru Takeuchi to Medical News Today. It also does not track whether such education continued for participants throughout the study period, and “[p]articipation in adult education is only evaluated at baseline,” Dr. Takeuchi noted.
Senior lecturer in cognitive epidemiology and dementia at Brighton and Sussex Medical School in the United Kingdom, Dr. Dorina Cadar — who was not involved in the study — said it is not yet clear how adult education may affect the risk of dementia.
She nevertheless suggested that “adult education may increase cognitive reserve, which is the brain’s ability to cope with damage or decline by using alternative strategies, brain networks or pathways.”
Dr. Cadar pointed out that “cognitive reserve is an abstract concept that cannot be directly measured, but inferred through a variety of proxy measures.”
Those proxies include measures of brain volume, head circumference, synaptic count, and dendritic branching.
The main effect associated with adult education in the new study was on fluid intelligence, one of several standards by which cognitive performance may be measured.
Fluid intelligence was first described by Raymond B. Cattell in 1943 as “the ability to reason, solve novel problems, and identify patterns.“
Dr. Cadar added that it also involves the ability to “think flexibly, learn new information, identify rules, think abstractly, and problem-solve in novel situations.”
Visuospatial memory — upon which adult education had no effect — is the type of memory that recalls where objects are and their relationship to each other. Reaction time is the speed at which a person responds to stimuli.
Dr. Cadar questioned whether the preservation of fluid memory says that much about preventing dementia.
“A person with dementia and intact fluid reasoning may still be able to learn new skills or new information […], adapt to changing situations and recognize relationships among concepts,” she noted.
Dr. Cadar noted that “[i]n some populations, the degree of literacy might be a better marker for [cognitive reserve] than the number of years of formal education because it is a more direct measure of educational attainment.”
“Most of us cherish the notion of free will and choice, but the conditions in which we live and age are constrained by socioeconomic determinants, which do not operate in isolation. Rather, they are intricately woven together in a dynamic and mutually reinforcing way.”
– Dr. Dorina Cadar
“In recent work we conducted at University College London funded by the Alzheimer Society,” recalled Dr. Cadar, “We showed that being engaged in cognitive and social leisure activities contributes to a decreased risk of dementia. Just like physical exercise does wonders for our physical body, the mind needs some training too.
“Wealth represents a gateway to more mentally stimulating environments, healthy lifestyles, and possibly access to better health care,” pointed out Dr. Cadar.
“The bottom line,” she said, “is keeping a healthy lifestyle [that] includes exercise of the body and brain.”
Jul 26, 2010 · The researchers found that more education makes people better able to cope with changes in the brain associated with dementia. Post-mortems showed the pathology -...
help people living with dementia to overcome challenges of stigma by: making efforts to include them in conversations and/or activities. treating them with respect and dignity. encouraging them to share their experiences. refuse to accept actions and language that are: belittling.
Feb 7, 2019 · Many experts think that the length of time someone spends in education helps protect against dementia. Although studies have generated conflicting or inconclusive results, many...
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