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Shorter wavelengths penetrate further
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- Longer wavelengths are absorbed first; red is absorbed in the upper 10 m, orange by about 40 m, and yellow disappears before 100 m. Shorter wavelengths penetrate further, with blue and green light reaching the deepest depths.
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The depth to which light can penetrate depends on the wavelength of the light. Blue light, for example, has a shorter wavelength than red light and is scattered less by water molecules and particles. As a result, blue light can penetrate deeper into the ocean than red light.
No light penetrates beyond 1000 m. In addition to overall attenuation, the oceans absorb the different wavelengths of light at different rates (Figure 6.5.2). The wavelengths at the extreme ends of the visible spectrum are attenuated faster than those wavelengths in the middle.
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A basic illustration of the depth at which different colors of light penetrate ocean waters. Water absorbs warm colors like reds and oranges (known as long wavelength light) and scatters the cooler colors (known as short wavelength light). Image courtesy of NOAA Ocean Exploration.
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The wavelengths at the extreme ends of the visible spectrum are attenuated faster than those wavelengths in the middle. Longer wavelengths are absorbed first; red is absorbed in the upper 10 m, orange by about 40 m, and yellow disappears before 100 m. Shorter wavelengths penetrate further, with blue and green light reaching the deepest depths.
High frequency waves have very short wavelengths, and are very high energy forms of radiation, such as gamma rays and x-rays. These rays can easily penetrate the bodies of living organisms and interfere with individual atoms and molecules.
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Shorter wavelengths penetrate further, with blue and green light reaching the deepest depths. Figure 5.9.2 Light penetration in open ocean and coastal water, showing the different depths to which each color will penetrate (By NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons).