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Oct 31, 2019 · Traditional approaches have focused on asymmetries of deference and privilege among social animals as principally organized around dominance — rank differences established from the history of frequent wins and losses in agonistic fights based on force and aggression [1, 2]. In dominance encounters, deference results from fear and intimidation created by the high-ranking individual’s ...
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Jun 1, 2020 · In humans, two key bases of social rank are power — which is based on the capacity to control resources and outcomes of self and others [1] — and status — which is based on respect and esteem from others [2]. Power and status differentials pervade nearly all types of human collectives, profoundly shape our feelings, thoughts, and actions ...
May 19, 2022 · As support for the idea that prestige-based status is human-specific, researchers rely upon two primary assumptions: (1) that social learning is far more important in humans than in animals and (2 ...
- The Chimpanzee. Chimpanzees are one of the most socially complex animals on the planet, living in communities of up to 100 individuals. They have a hierarchical social structure known as a “fission-fusion society” where the composition of the group changes often, with individuals splitting off and joining different subgroups.
- The Elephant. Elephants have a complex social hierarchy within their herds, led by a dominant female known as the matriarch. The matriarch makes decisions for the group and is responsible for leading them to food and water sources.
- The Wolf. Wolves live in packs and have a clear social hierarchy known as a “alpha-beta” structure. The alpha pair, usually consisting of the breeding male and female, holds the highest rank and makes decisions for the pack.
- The Lion. Lions live in prides and have a clear social hierarchy known as a “coalition” structure. The pride is usually led by a group of related males, known as the coalition, who hold the.
Jan 10, 2022 · Dominance captures behavioural patterns found in social hierarchies that arise from agonistic interactions in which some individuals coercively exploit their control over costs and benefits to extract deference from others, often through aggression, threats and/or intimidation. Accumulating evidence points to its importance in humans and its ...
Jan 10, 2022 · It is important to note, however, that while many forms of social hierarchy observed among human groups do provide benefits to coordination and collective action, the extent of inequality within such hierarchies can be consequential (see ). In many cases, those with low relative standing will receive minimal benefits, and upward mobility across the hierarchy may be challenging.
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The social system of a given species is an outcome of (1) its social structure, the size and composition of a typical group of that species, and (2) its social organization, how those individuals ...
