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Sep 17, 2018 · How did the ancient Middle East transform from a majority-Christian world to the majority-Muslim world we know today, and what role did violence play in this process?
At the same time, Muslim expansion into Christian territories and Christian imperialism in Muslims lands have fostered fear and ill-will on both sides. Repercussions from the Crusades continue to resound in the contemporary rhetoric employed by defenders of both faiths.
- A Plural Presence
- The Historical Status of Non-Muslims in Muslim Countries
- Social and Political Dynamics of Christians in The Modern Middle East
- The Crisis at The Beginning of The Twenty-First Century
- Bibliography
Middle Eastern Christianity is characterized by a plurality of churches, bearing witness to the rich cultural and religious life and the historical evolution of the Christian communities of the early centuries. The division into independent churches was the result of doctrinal disputes linked to the Christological debates of the fourth and fifth ce...
By the end of the seventh century Arab Muslims had conquered every part of the Middle East, and a new period began for the region's Christian communities. From the start Islam had to face the problem of its relations with members of other religions because there were Jews and Christians living in cities where Muslims first organized their own polit...
The situation of Christian communities in the modern Middle East is highly complex. Christians came to exercise an important political and cultural role in the Arab states that were established after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1922. Christians were among the leading supporters of the nahḍa, a cultural and political renaissance that arose...
Declining birthrates, widespread instability and conflict, and the threat of Muslim fundamentalism are the primary causes behind the crisis in the Christian communities of the modern Middle East. In 1915 Christians made up an estimated 20 percent of the population of the area that includes present-day Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, P...
An-Naʾim, Abdullahi A. "Religious Freedom in Egypt: Under the Shadow of the Dhimma System." In Religious Liberty and Human Rights in Nations and in Religions, edited by Leonard Swidler, pp. 43–59. Philadelphia, 1986. Betts, Robert Brenton. Christians in the Arab East: A Political Study. Athens, Ga., 1975. Rev. ed., Atlanta, 1978. Braude, Benjamin, ...
Mar 28, 2010 · They all came under Muslim rule, but demographically they made up the religious majority in many places until well into the eleventh century. There were strong Christian communities in Spain (al-Andalus) and in the territories of the former eastern patriarchates of the Roman Empire, as well as in Persian Mesopotamia.
- Sidney H. Griffith
- 2008
Looking back on the expanse of Islamic history, many historians have argued that Islamic states, with few exceptions across the centuries, tolerated cultural diversity and promoted stability so that Muslims, Christians, and Jews were able to persist, coexist, and often flourish together.
- Heather J. Sharkey
- 2017
Feb 1, 2020 · Reading dhimmitude and millet-system as inherent forms of Islam–Christian relations is, as Braude has argued, a historiographical construct of the twentieth century.
The relationships to Islam of the many Christians who lived in Muslim lands, for example, were very different from those of Christians living in orthodox Christian Byzantium or Catholic Latin Europe.
