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The overlord was bound to protect his tenant, a valuable right for the latter in the days before the existence of police forces and universal access to royal justice, and when armed bands of robbers roamed the countryside.
- Introduction
- Proto-Feudal Period
- Feudalism An Answer to Military Needs
- The Complexity of The Feudal System
- The System of Vassalage
- The High Period of Feudalism
- The End of Feudalism
Feudalism describes a combination of legal, military and social customs that flourished in Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. Feudalism, in its various forms, usually emerged as a result of the decent...
Under Roman emperor Diocletianuslarge landowners – which largely comprised members of the senatorial aristocracy – and their estates (latifundia) were given certain rights under public law and in this way governance, justice and tax collection became linked to landownership. In this way private property title resulted in rights under public law. Fo...
The collapse of these system’s became clear when a large band of Frankish fighters – the size of an army – in 554 by Casilinum (Capua) – was totally annihilated by a far more superior force from Constantinople. The disorganised Franks fighting their traditional battle through personal brute force was no match to the cavalry and archers of the Byzan...
Around the 9th century under the ancient nobility -allodal or pre-feudal landlords who had their own original lands – the more full blown feudal system of lower landlords started to emerge. Feudalism and vassalage were arrangements between the nobility, which only made up between 1 and 5% of the total population. However, as mentioned above this sy...
After the Germanic tribes started to settle and the tribal kingdoms started to emerge the word gwas/gwasawl was used to describe non-family bonds between the chieftain (king) and their lower dependent members of their court, it means ‘he who serves’. It became the term for a loyal servant, this was latinised to vassas/vassallus. [1. Middleeeuwen – ...
The 1oth century can be considered as the period of feudal consolidation. After a turbulent 150 years , Europe was totally fragmented, every piece of land now had it own lord, there could have been as many as 10,000 of them in north-western Europe alone. The most powerful held a wholepagi but many others just had one or a few domains. Slowly the Ch...
With the arrival of cities we also see that these entities start wielding their own power and they are able to get their own rights (town privileges). This started to force the vassal Lords back into the country areas. Slowly we start to see that once state forming starts to take place and the Court gets more and more separated from the State, that...
Jun 1, 2017 · In the discovery of the “new world” by European settlers, all forms of Indigenous life in Canada underwent a prolonged attack on their rights. As people and ideas began to flood in from Europe, the rights-based framework of life in balance was eroded.
Feb 7, 2006 · Indigenous peoples have traditionally pointed to three principal arguments to establish their rights: international law, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 (as well as treaties that have since followed) and common law as defined in Canadian courts.
In 1982, section 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognized and affirmed existing Indigenous and treaty rights. Therefore, such rights can no longer be extinguished through legislation, but only by voluntary surrender to the Crown, unless there is a constitutional amendment.
After three landmark court decisions brought about an important shift in the recognition of Aboriginal rights in Canada, the 1972 Superior Court of Quebec decision on the Cree of Northern Québec, the 1973 Supreme Court of Canada ruling in Calder, and the 1973 Paulette decision in the North West Territories, the Department of Indian and ...
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How did First Nations renegotiate their rights?
Once the franchise was granted to First Nations people, they were able put their new right to vote to use for the first time in the 1962 Federal Election. Despite the concerns certain leaders had raised, First Nations people went to the polls in higher numbers than expected.
