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- Post- Confederation Canadian Indigenous policy initially was based on a model of assimilation, with one of its main instruments being the Indian Act. Since the late 1960s, government policy has gradually shifted to a goal of self-determination for Indigenous peoples, to be achieved through modern-day treaties and self-government agreements.
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The government's attempt to change its relationship with First Nations created a new form of Aboriginal nationalism. First Nations leaders from across the country united in new associations and organizations determined to protect and promote their peoples' rights and interests.
- History of Indigenous peoples, Aboriginal Affairs and ...
The Indian Department has been transformed over time into...
- History of Indigenous peoples, Aboriginal Affairs and ...
- Early Colonial-Indigenous Relationships and Policies
- Settlement and Post-Confederation Policies
- Indian Status
- Indigenous Suffrage
- Residential Schools
- Treaties, Reserves and Land Claims
- The Indian Act and Amendments
- Section 35 and The Canadian Constitution
- Indigenous Initiatives Toward Self-Government
European states claimed lands around the world by right of "discovery," and declared Indigenouspeople living there to be subject to the colonizing power. However, the Europeans who first came to North America depended on the more numerous and better-adapted Indigenous people for survival, which led to trading and military alliances. During the peri...
The characteristic features of government policy after Confederation were the imposition by European governments of treaties, reserves and paternalistic social policies, all intended to promote Indigenous assimilation to the general population. As land was needed for settlement in UpperCanada, treaties were made to "extinguish" Indigenousrights to ...
The establishment of common property in reserves and band funds, special legislation and treaty rights led to the development of the legal concept of Indian Status. Some persons of Indigenous ancestry — Métis and Non-Status Indians — never qualified for status or lost it in a variety of ways. In April 2016, however, the SupremeCourt ruled unanimous...
StatusIndians were disqualified from voting until 1960, unless they met certain criteria. If men with status met the criteria set down in AnAct to Encourage the Gradual Civilization of the Indian tribes in this Province (1857), and later, An Act respecting Civilization and Enfranchisement ofcertain Indians (1859), they could voluntarily relinquish ...
Residentialschools were government-sponsored religious schools that were established to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. They functioned generally from 1880 to 1996. (Grollier Hall, which closed in 1997, was not a state-run residential school in that year.) The schools disrupted lives and communities, causing long-term pro...
After Confederation, administrative responsibility for Indigenous people was allocated to the central government in Ottawa. This did not affect the general direction of Indigenous policy, which remained largely unchanged until at least the mid-20th century. As the Dominion ofCanada prepared for the settlement and development of new territories, the...
The administrative arm of Indigenous policy continued with little change after Confederation. The Indian Department became a federal office in 1868 and has continued under various titles until the present day. Legislation governing FirstNations people was consolidated into the Indian Actin 1876. The diversity among Indigenous people and the regions...
Since the WhitePaper, Indigenous political activity has greatly increased awareness of problems and goals among the general public and the Indigenous population itself. Most Indigenous political organizations with whom governments deal obtain their support and validity from a strong community base. An experienced leadership has emerged capable of m...
Self-administration has had a place in Indigenous affairs, particularly since the 1960s when aspects of band governance, including the administration of some federally funded programs, began to be taken over by FirstNations. Dissatisfaction remained, however, with these delegated powers. In response to this dissatisfaction, the House of Commons Spe...
Jun 6, 2011 · In British Columbia, there are not only two but three types of government involved in the negotiation of modern-day treaties — federal, provincial and First Nation. In 1991, treaty negotiations with some Indigenous nations in British Columbia began.
Mar 17, 2020 · In 1975, the federal government and the Cree and Inuit signed the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. This is seen as the first “modern treaty.” The Cree and Inuit were granted a certain amount of self-government.
Peaceful relations between the United States and Britain brought a fundamental change in the British perception of First Nations people. As military threats upon the colonies passed with the end of the War of 1812, so did the military role of First Nation allies.
Apr 7, 2022 · The federal government will work with First Nations to develop replacement legislation. The government also intends to amend the Income Tax Act to exclude from taxation the income of the Safe Drinking Water Trust established under the Safe Drinking Water Class Action Settlement Agreement.
The Indian Department has been transformed over time into the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, managing not only Canada's relationship with First Nations, Inuit and Métis, but also all of Canada's North.
