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Production of PE based plastic –poly(ethylene) is processed in a factory to make plastic pellets. The pellets are poured into a reactor, melted into a thick liquid to cast into a mould. The liquid cools down to harden into a solid plastic and produce a finished product.
Two main processes are used to produce plastics – polymerisation and polycondensation – and they both require specific catalysts. In a polymerisation reactor, monomers such as ethylene and propylene are linked together to form long polymer chains.
Two main processes are used to produce plastics – polymerisation and polycondensation – and they both require specific catalysts. In a polymerisation reactor, monomers such as ethylene and propylene are linked together to form long polymer chains.
Jul 18, 2023 · To make plastic, scientists transform raw materials, such as crude oil, into a workable polymer via heat, additives, manipulation, and time. As with most chemistry, the process usually begins with the base materials, according to the British Plastics Foundation.
- Andrew Krosofsky
- How Do We Make Plastics?
- What Are Plastics like?
- What Do We Use Plastics for?
- Plastics and The Environment
- A Brief History of Plastics
Photo: Plastic pipes and hoses are made by a process called extrusion, described below. We've already seen that plastics are made from polymers, but howare polymers made? They're based on hydrocarbons (molecules builtfrom hydrogen and carbon atoms) that we get mostly from things likepetroleum, natural gas, or coal. Crude oil drilled from the land o...
The many kinds of plastics all have differentproperties (if they didn't, we wouldn't need so many of them in thefirst place). Having said that, they do have things in common.Generally, plastics are flexible and easy to shape in a variety ofways (remember, that's why we call them plastics); easy to make inall different shapes, sizes, and colors; lig...
In the early 20th century, plastics were quite anovelty; there were only a handful of plastics and very few uses.Zoom the clock forward 100 years and it's hard to find things that wedon't use plastics for. Materials sciencemeans understanding theproperties of different materials so we can use them to bestadvantage in the world around us. Given what...
Most plastics are synthetic, so they're carefully designed bychemists and laboriously engineered under very artificial conditions.They'd never spontaneously appear in the natural world and they'restill a relatively new technology, so animals and other organismshaven't really had chance to evolve so they can feed on them or breakthem down. Since a l...
Early history
1. Ancient people start using plastics (natural materials likerubber, animal horn, and tortoiseshell are made from polymers). 2. 1838: Injection molding is developed for diecast metal products(a technology that will later revolutionize plastic-making). 3. 1839: Charles Goodyear develops vulcanized (heat and sulfurtreated) rubber—an example of a tough, durable cross-linkedpolymer. 4. 1855: Georges Audemars, a Swiss chemist, makes the firstsynthetic plastic silk fibers using mulberry bark and r...
Early 20th-century plastics
1. 1907: Belgian-born chemistLeo Baekeland makes the first fully synthetic thermosetting plastic, Bakelite, from phenol andformaldehyde. He experiments with injection molding around the same time.Photo: Bakelite, an important early thermosetting plastic, was widely used to make telephones, lamp fittings, and other electrical equipment during the first half of the 20th century because it's tough, hard, heatproof, and an excellent insulator. If you see a phone in this characteristic brownish-bl...
Mid-late 20th-century plastics
1. 1953: Karl Zieglerdevelops aluminum catalysts for speeding up polymerization. 2. 1954: Giulio Nattadevelops polypropylene, first made by Italian chemical company, Montecatini. 3. 1955: Building on earlier work by Karl Ziegler, Natta perfects Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 4. 1954: Dow Corning invents expanded polystyrene. 5. 1958: George de Mestral files a patent for VELCRO®, the reusable plastic hook-and-loop fastener. 6. 1966: Stephanie Kwolek and Paul Morgan of DuPont are granted apatent for...
May 18, 2018 · Once a completely natural product, much of today's plastic is man-made and largely dependent upon fossil fuels. From polymers to nurdles, learn how plastic is created and what we can do to slow...
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- National Geographic
How is plastic made, and what is the environmental impact of making plastic? There are two different types of plastic: synthetic and bio-based.
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