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Mass and volume
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- In chemistry we commonly measure quantities by mass and volume. We also frequently work with density and concentration, and a wide assortment of other quantitative measurements and descriptions.
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May 28, 2024 · Represent the five principle measurable quantities of chemistry as variables. Identify the fundamental metric and SI units in which the five principle measurable quantities of chemistry are expressed.
- Systems of Measurement
State and understand the uses of the three systems of...
- Scientific Notation
Chemists often work with numbers that are exceedingly large...
- 1.7: Measuring Mass, Length, and Volume
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object...
- Systems of Measurement
- Section 1: Chemistry and Matter
- Section 2: How Scientists Study Chemistry
- Section 3: Scientific Notation
- 103 = 1000 104 = 10000 105 = 100000
- 579, 000, 000, 000
- Coefficient Is: 5.79
- How Many Positions Are there?
- 4 = 0.0001 10-5 = 0.00001
- Coefficient Will Be 6.42
- How Many positions?
What is Chemistry?
Everything around us is made up of chemicals. From the color that makes a rose so red to the gasoline that fills our cars and the silicon chips that power our computers and cell phones…Chemistry is everywhere! Understanding how chemical molecules form and interact to create complex structures enables us to harness the power of chemistry and use it, just like a toolbox, to create many of the modern advances that we see today. This includes advances in medicine, communication, transportation, b...
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Part of understanding matter is being able to describe it. One way chemists describe matter is to assign different kinds of properties to different categories. The properties that chemists use to describe matter fall into two general categories. Physical properties are characteristics that describes matter, such as boiling point, melting point and color. Physical Changes, such as melting a solid into a liquid, do not alter the chemical structure of that matter. Chemical properties are charact...
Elements and Compounds
Any sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout the sample is called a substance. There are two types of substances. A substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components is an element. Aluminum, which is used in soda cans, is an element. A substance that can be broken down into chemically simpler components (because it has more than one element) is a compound. Water is a compound composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. Today, there...
The Scientific Method
How do scientists work? Generally, they follow a process called the scientific method. The scientific method is an organized procedure for learning answers to questions. To find the answer to a question (for example, “Why do birds fly toward Earth’s equator during the cold months?”), a scientist goes through the following steps, which are also illustrated in Figure 1.7. Figure 1.7 The General Steps of the Scientific Method.The steps may not be as clear-cut in real life as described here, but...
The study of chemistry can involve numbers that are very large. It can also involve numbers that are very small. Writing out such numbers and using them in their long form is problematic, because we would spend far too much time writing zeroes, and we would probably make a lot of mistakes! There is a solution to this problem. It is called scientifi...
As you can see, the power to which 10 is raised is equal to the number of zeroes that follow the 1. This will be helpful for determining which exponent to use when we express numbers using scientific notation. Let us take a very large number:
and express it using scientific notation. First, we find the coefficient, which is a number between 1 and 10 that will be multiplied by 10 raised to some power.
This number will be multiplied by 10 that is raised to some power. Now let us figure out what power that is. We can do this by counting the number of positions that stand between the end of the original number and the new position of the decimal point in our coefficient.
We can see that there are 11 positions between our decimal and the end of the original number. This means that our coefficient, 5.79, will be multiplied by 10 raised to the 11th power. Our number expressed in scientific notation is:
The number of spaces to the right of the decimal point for our 1 is equal to the number in the exponent that is behind the negative sign. This is useful to keep in mind when we express very small numbers in scientific notation. Here is a very small number:
This number will be multiplied by 10 raised to some power, which will be negative. Let us figure out the correct power. We can figure this out by counting how many positions stand between the decimal point in our coefficient and the decimal point in our original number.
There are 5 positions between our new decimal point and the decimal point in the original number, so our coefficient will be multiplied by 10 raised to the negative 5th power. Our number written in scientific notation is:
Learning Objectives. Explain the process of measurement and describe the three basic parts of a quantity. Describe the properties and units of length, mass, volume, density, temperature, and time. Recognize the common unit prefixes and use them to describe the magnitude of a measurement.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. Mass is independent of location. Weight is a measure of force that is equal to the gravitational pull on an object. Weight depends on location. Units can be multiplied and divided to generate new units for quantities like the liter for volume.
Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain the process of measurement. Identify the three basic parts of a quantity. Describe the properties and units of length, mass, volume, density, temperature, and time. Relate mass, volume, and density of a substance.
- OpenStax
- 2016
Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the three basic parts of a measured quantity. Describe the properties and units of length, mass, volume, density, temperature, and time. Convert between various metric units. Calculate density using appropriate units.
Measurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be represented in either decimal or scientific notation.
