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      • The valves open when the chamber before it has a higher pressure than the chamber it is leading to. The valves close if the pressure of the chamber before the valve is lower than that of the chamber the blood is flowing through, this is so that blood doesn’t go backwards due to the pressure difference.
  1. Oct 30, 2023 · The phonocardiogram represents the heart sounds throughout the cardiac cycle. These heart sounds are which are appreciated during auscultation represent the effects of the heart valves as they close. They are commonly referred to as the “lub” and “dub” sounds.

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  2. Relate the opening and closing of specific heart valves in each phase of the cardiac cycle to pressure changes in the heart chambers and the great vessels (i.e., blood vessels entering and leaving the heart). Relate the heart sounds to the events of the cardiac cycle.

    • Filling Phase
    • Isovolumetric Contraction
    • Outflow Phase
    • Isovolumetric Relaxation

    The ventriclesare filled with blood in two stages – diastole (heart relaxation) and atrial systole (contraction of the atria). In diastole, both the atria and the ventricles are relaxed. Blood flows from the vena cavaand pulmonary veins into the right and left atria respectively, before flowing directly into the ventricles. The ventricles fill with...

    As contraction begins both sets of valves are closed, meaning that no blood can escape from the ventricles. Therefore, the start of systole increases the pressure within the ventricles, ready to eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The stage of isovolumetric contraction lasts for approximately 50ms,while the pressure builds up.

    Once the ventricles’ pressure exceeds the pressure in the aorta/pulmonary trunk, the outflow valves(aortic/pulmonary) open and blood is pumped from the heart into the great arteries. At the end of systole, around 330ms later, the ventricles begin to relax, decreasing ventricular pressure compared to the aorta. This decrease in pressure causes the v...

    At the end of the outflow phase, both sets of valves are closed once again. The ventricles begin to relax, reducing the pressure in the ventricles so that the atrioventricular valves open. The ventricles then begin to fill with blood, and the cycle begins once again.

  3. Relate heart sounds detected by auscultation to action of heart’s valves. The period of time that begins with contraction of the atria and ends with ventricular relaxation is known as the cardiac cycle (Figure 19.3.1). The period of contraction that the heart undergoes while it pumps blood into circulation is called systole.

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    • 2019
  4. May 7, 2022 · The cardiac cycle can be divided into systolic (contraction) and diastolic (relaxation) phases. The cycle goes in the following order: atrial systole, ventricular systole and diastole. Heart valves open when the pressure of the chamber lying before it is higher than that of the chamber after the valve.

  5. Oct 3, 2022 · Valves within the heart direct blood movement, which leads to the organized propulsion of blood to the next chamber. This rhythmic sequence causes changes in pressure and volume that are often seen graphically in the form of a Wiggers diagram or venous pressure tracings (see Image. Wiggers Diagram).

  6. Jul 30, 2022 · Compare atrial and ventricular systole and diastole. Relate heart sounds detected by auscultation to action of heart’s valves. The period of time that begins with contraction of the atria and ends with ventricular relaxation is known as the cardiac cycle.

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