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Apr 1, 2003 · Socrates seeks to define justice as one of the cardinal human virtues, and he understands the virtues as states of the soul. So his account of what justice is depends upon his account of the human soul. According to the Republic, every human soul has three parts: reason, spirit, and appetite. (This is a claim about the embodied soul.
- On Utopia
The Laws is one of Plato’s last dialogues. In it, he...
- Callicles and Thrasymachus
Callicles and Thrasymachus are the two great exemplars in...
- Author and Citation Info
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- Justice as a Virtue
The notion of justice as a virtue began in reference to a...
- On Utopia
Socrates has at last provided a definition of justice. This definition bears strong resemblance to the two definitions of justice put forward in Book 1. Cephalus ventured that justice was the honoring of legal obligations, while his son Polemarchus suggested that justice amounts to helping one’s friends and harming one’s enemies.
The Republic is a dramatic dialogue, not a treatise. Socrates' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated, only versions of justice within each city are "found" and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created.
Socrates proposes a correction to the previous definition: justice is “to do good to a friend who is good and harm to an enemy who is bad.”. [21] Polemarchus accepts this adjustment. Now of course the definition leaves unclear how we should act to friends who are bad and enemies who are good. But Socrates proceeds to a more fundamental ...
Jan 26, 2022 · In a tirade about the realities of justice and power, Thrasymachus makes the following points: 1. At its core, the pursuit of justice appeals to cowards: “When people denounce injustice, it is because they are afraid of suffering wrong, not of doing it.”. 2. A ruler is like a shepherd.
Mar 8, 2002 · The notion of justice as a virtue began in reference to a trait of individuals, and to some extent remains so, even if today we often conceive the justice of individuals as having some (grounding) reference to social justice. But from the start, the focus on justice as a virtue faced pressures to diffuse, in two different ways.
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The Republic moves beyond this deadlock. Nine more books follow, and Socrates develops a rich and complex theory of justice. When Book 1 opens, Socrates is returning home from a religious festival with his young friend Glaucon, one of Plato’s brothers. On the road, the three travelers are waylaid by Adeimantus, another brother of Plato, and ...
