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Jun 21, 2024 · The chlorophyll absorbs energy from the light waves, which is converted into chemical energy in the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH. The light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin cycle , takes place in the stroma , the space between the thylakoid membranes and the chloroplast membranes, and does not require light, hence the name light- independent reaction.
Sep 30, 2021 · Advertisement. The energy coming into the plant cell through light waves is absorbed by the chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy. This new chemical energy comes in two forms: ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Both are chemicals found in most living cells and are used for energy.
Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, which take place at the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water. The light-dependent reactions release oxygen as a byproduct as water ...
How Light-Dependent Reactions Work. The overall function of light-dependent reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. This chemical energy supports the light-independent reactions and fuels the assembly of sugar molecules. The light-dependent reactions are depicted in Figure 8.2.7 8.2.
- Learning Objectives
- Photosynthesis Creates Organic Carbon
- Light as Energy
- Biological Pigments
- Phototrophism vs Photosynthesis
- Sidelight: Phototrophic Archaea
- Photosynthetic Bacteria
- Two Types of Photosystems
- Oxygenic Photosynthesis and non-cyclic Electron Flow
- Cyclic Electron Flow in Cyanobacteria and Chloroplasts
Describe how cells use different pigment molecules to absorb different wavelengths of light, and how this process relates to photosynthesisCompare and contrast photophosphorylation in chloroplasts to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondriaIdentify the inputs and products of the light reactions of oxygenic photosynthesisDistinguish the capabilities of photosystem I versus photosystem II when in isolation versus together in the same organismPhotosynthesis is the source of most organic carbon on Earth, as well as the oxygen in the air. The overall chemical equation for oxygenic photosynthesisis: 6 CO2 + 12 H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O We will present photosynthesis in two parts: this page will discuss the reactions that convert light energy to chemical energy in the form of ATP and re...
Visible light is a slice of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, from about 400 nm to a little over 700 nm in wavelength. Light has wave-particle duality, and a quantum of light energy is a photon. The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength: where h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light, and lambdais the wavelength. Th...
Biological pigments are molecules that preferentially absorb light at particular wavelengths. Organisms that capture light energy for conversion to chemical energy show evolutionary and phylogenetic differences in the pigments they use.
Phototrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP. The use of light energy to make ATP is called photophosphorylation. Photophosphorylation is similar to oxidative phophorylation in that both use a proton gradient across a membrane to power similar ATP synthase enzyme complexes. Photosyntheticorganisms (photoautotr...
No Archaea thus found are truly photosynthetic. Halobacterium, which is an Archaeal species despite its name, uses bacteriorhodopsin, a purple-colored membrane protein, as a light-driven proton pump to generate a proton gradient across the plasma membrane and power chemiosmotic ATP synthesis. Thus Halobacteriaare phototrophic, but not photosyntheti...
Photosynthetic bacteria and chloroplasts all use variants of chlorophyll. Chlorophylls absorb blue and red light. Here are two fantastic, quick videos about why chlorophyll is green:
Photosystemsare membrane complexes of proteins and chlorophyll molecules. The chlorophyll molecules absorb photons and funnel the energy to a reaction center chlorophyll, which becomes oxidized (loses electrons). Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are the photosynthesizers that produce oxygen as a by-product, and so are called oxygenic photosynthesizer...
Approximately 2.5-2.7 billion years ago, cyanobacteria evolved a scheme that coupled both types of photosystems. In the non-cyclic electron flow scheme (often called the Z-scheme), light-activated PSII gives its electrons to the electron transport chain to drive photophosphorylation. Simultaneously, light-activated PSI gives its electrons to reduce...
When metabolic demands in the chloroplast require additional ATP, but no additional NADPH, cyclic electron flow from PSI through the electron transport chain and back to PSI can boost the proton gradient and thus photophosphorylation (light-driven ATP synthesis). Thus PSI is versatile in the sense that oxidized PSI can give electrons to either NADP...
In the light-dependent reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and that energy is converted into stored chemical energy. In the light-independent reactions, the chemical energy harvested during the light-dependent reactions drive the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. Therefore, although the light-independent ...
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1 day ago · The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as: 6CO + 6H O → C 6 H 12 O + 6O. This means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are converted by light energy captured by (implied by the arrow) into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products. The sugar is used by the organism, and the ...
