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Aug 23, 2022 · August 23, 2022 – Carmen Messerlian, assistant professor of environmental reproductive, perinatal, and pediatric epidemiology, studies how the world around us—everything from chemical exposures to trauma to climate change—can affect reproductive health and development. She directs Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health’s Scientific ...
- Heat
With heat waves taking an increasingly devastating toll,...
- Trauma
Probing links between trauma and reproductive health harms...
- Women
Female health care workers who had healthier sleep prior to...
- Climate Change
Mary Rice, new director of Harvard Chan School’s Center for...
- Chemical Exposure
Uncovering the dangers of hair products marketed to Black...
- Heat
Health consequences of prenatal chemical exposure. Chemical exposures have been linked to a range of adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, including fertility related affects, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and adverse health effects in childhood such as neurodevelopmental effects (Table 1). A key adverse health impact of concern to ...
There is growing consensus that preconception exposure to environmental toxins can adversely affect fertility, pregnancy, and fetal development, which may persist into the neonatal and adult periods and potentially have multigenerational effects. Here we review current data on preconception and prenatal exposure to several chemicals, including heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals ...
- Thalia R. Segal, Linda C. Giudice
- 2019
- The Links Between Environmental Exposures and Reproductive Health
- Chemicals in The Environment
- Concerns About Reproductive Health Effects
- Impact on Reproductive Health
- Exposure to Reproductive Toxicants
- “Safe” Levels
- Timing of Exposure
- Mechanisms of Effects
- References
This chapter explains how exposures to certain toxicants might result in adverse effects on reproductive health. Environmental health has been defined as “the branch of public health that protects against the effects of environmental hazards that can adversely affect health or the ecological balances essential to human health and environmental qual...
Of the 87,000 chemicals registered for commerce in the United States, only one-tenth have been tested for potential health effects.2,3Of those that have been tested, only a portion have been assessed for reproductive health effects. Although many of these chemicals are integral components in the production of important materials and goods, some may...
Over the past several decades, awareness has been growing regarding the reproductive health effects of exposures to certain chemicals. Scientists, clinicians, and patients have concerns about a number of recently identified trends in fertility and reproduction (see Figure 1). Some of these trends are localized to specific geographic locations; othe...
Reproductive toxicants may contribute to a spectrum of adverse effects on reproductive health. These effects include menstrual irregularities, early or delayed puberty, infertility, subfertility, early pregnancy loss, fetal death, impaired fetal growth, low birthweight, premature birth, and structural (e.g., cardiac defect) or functional (e.g., lea...
Substances with potentially harmful effects on reproductive health are present in water, air, soil, dust, food, and consumer products. Individuals may encounter these toxicants in the home, community, school, or workplace. To result in an adverse effect, a toxicant must come into contact with an individual and enter the body, a step referred to as ...
Environmental experts now are challenging the traditional assumptions about “safe” levels of toxicant exposures at a population level. Recently, the National Academy of Sciences stated that based on the extent of multiple chemical exposures individuals experience, disease frequency, age status of the population, and genetic variability, it is reaso...
The timing of exposure is another factor that strongly influences the ultimate biological effect of exposure to environmental toxicants. Although exposure to these substances can affect individuals at all stages of life, exposure during critical windows of susceptibility may have more significance. These windows vary somewhat depending on the parti...
Some chemicals have direct toxic effects on the reproductive system. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can exert effects on hormone-producing glands, such as the thyroid or pituitary, which in turn affect reproductive health. EDCs also may have direct effects on the reproductive system. Toxicants can exert negative reproductive effects through ...
Department of Health and Human Services. An ensemble of definitions of environmental health. 1998. Available at: http://www.health.gov/environment/DefinitionsofEnvHealth/ehdef2.htm. Accessed Novemb...US Government Accountability Office. Actions are needed to improve the effectiveness of EPA’s chemical review program. Testimony before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, US Senate. Rep...US Environmental Protection Agency. What is the TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory?Bray F, Richiardi L, Ekbom A, et al. Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: continuing increases in incidence and declines in mortality. Int J Cancer. 2006;11...Environmental pollutants can permanently affect male reproductive potential , although these negative impacts can be attenuated by the presence of spermatogonial stem cells (0.03% of all germ cells) that in the seminiferous tubules is sufficient for maintaining fertility throughout the male lifespan. By contrast, in the mammalian ovary, the oocyte pool is fixed at birth, and the absence of ...
The significant amount of pollutants discharged into the environment due to increasing industrial and agricultural activities is a serious threat for human health. Moreover, several of these synthetic chemicals with long half-life times are classified as potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and can affect women's reproductive health. 7
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Aug 1, 2021 · Abstract. Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to increase awareness among reproductive health professionals and trainees about the impact of environmental toxicants and climate change on women's health and mitigation strategies at the individual, professional and governmental levels. Recent findings: Global health indicators reveal ...
