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11 million liters
- The Da Nang airbase was a major Ranch Hand facility during the American War in Vietnam. Nearly 11 million liters of Agent Orange were handled on the base.
www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/agent-orange-in-vietnam-program/maps-of-heavily-sprayed-areas-and-dioxin-hot-spots/
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Nearly 11 million liters of Agent Orange were handled on the base. Today, several areas on the Da Nang Base including the loading, storage and mixing areas and Sen Lake to the north and the Pacer Ivy area at the south of the base have been confirmed to have high levels of dioxin.
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Among these hotspots are the Da Nang, Phu Cat and Bien Hoa bases. Each of these bases had Dioxin contamination greater than 1,000 ppt TEQ (Toxic Equivalents) in the soil and 150 ppt in sediment, the standard for remediation in Vietnam.
- 1 Selection of At-Sea Incineration and Discussion of Alternative Methods
- 2 Operation Pacer Ho
- 3 Description of Land-Based Operations
- 4 Operations at The Naval Construction Battalion Center
- 5 Operations at Johnston Island, Central Pacific Ocean
- 6 Land-Based and Shipboard Air Monitoring Programs
- 7 Brief Description of Shipboard Operations
- 8 The Termination of Operation Pacer Ho
In 1972, a draft environmental statement proposed destruction of the Agent Orange stocks by a commercial land-based incinerator facility in the United States (Department of the Air Force 1972). Public comments to this draft statement led the Air Force to continued studies on incineration, as well as additional alternative disposal methods. From 197...
The preparation for Operation PACER HO began immediately after EPA issued the permit for the destruction of Agent Orange by at-sea incineration. It required the dedication and coordination of military and civilian personnel from numerous Federal and State agencies and from military installations in Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Ohio, Hawaii...
The operations at both storage sites were similar in many ways. At both sites, the 208-l drums of Agent Orange were transported short distances from their storage location to a centralized facility. The herbicide was drained from the drums and transferred to the M/T Vulcanus. Following emptying, the drums were rinsed with diesel fuel, and subsequen...
The centralized de-drumming facility at the NCBC was a temporary, enclosed facility with a ventilation system capable of providing 57 air changes per hour through in-line activated charcoal filters (Doane 1979a; Tremblay 1983). Within this facility were four identical processing lines, each manned with a crew and each assigned to a specific activit...
The centralized de-drum facility at Johnston Island was a temporary, open facility consisting of a concrete pad, roof, and moveable canvas walls to exclude rain (Fig. 4.32). This open facility was located adjacent to the Herbicide Orange storage site on the northwest end of Johnston Island. Nearly constant easterly winds ranging from 4.8 to 9.5 m p...
Both environmental and occupational monitoring was accomplished at each land site and aboard the M/T Vulcanus. Essentially, the same equipment, methods and procedures were used at both NCBC and Johnston Island. All sampling at NCBC was accomplished by members of the USAF Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory (USAF OEHL), Brooks AFB, Texa...
The M/T Vulcanus, converted in 1972 from a bulk carrier, was designed to carry approximately 3,500 cubic meters of liquid wastes. Two high temperature incinerators were installed on the aft of the vessel. Depending upon the characteristics of a given waste, the ship incinerators operated up to 25 metric tons per hour. The normal incinerator operati...
The last drum of Agent Orange to be processed at Johnston Island was on 23 August 1977 (Fig. 4.37). The first loading on the ship had occurred at Gulfport; the second loading of the ship was 27 July–5 August; and, the third and final loading occurred on 17–23 August (Thomas et al. 1978). The M/T Vulcanus conducted incineration burns 13–25 July, 7–1...
- Alvin L. Young
- YoungRisk@aol.com
- 2009
Feb 21, 2015 · “We’re talking about more than 80 million liters of herbicides sprayed throughout the south of Vietnam.” Da Nang’s airport was then a critical U.S. military base, where massive drums of the chemical were stored, their orange stripes giving “Agent Orange” its eponymous name.
May 13, 2019 · From 1962 to 1971, the American military sprayed vast areas of Vietnam with Agent Orange, leaving dioxin contamination that has severely affected the health of three generations of Vietnamese. Now, the U.S. and Vietnamese governments have joined together in a massive cleanup project.
Over 72 million litres of herbicide were applied over southern Viet Nam (Westing, 1984; IOM, 1994); applications ceased in 1971. However, recent studies reviewing spray records from the war reveal that perhaps over 80 million litres of herbicide were used in Viet Nam (Stellman et al., 2003).
Aug 30, 2016 · A Vietnamese soldier guards the contaminated site at the edge of the Da Nang Airfield on July 1, 2009 in Da Nang, Central Vietnam. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. military stored more than four million of gallons of herbicides, including Agent Orange, at the military base that is now a domestic and military airbase.
