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Mar 1, 2021 · Some of the best strategies for improving cultural awareness in health care involve educating healthcare professionals, facilitating cross-cultural communication, and promoting mutual respect by avoiding stereotypical assumptions.
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In keeping with this broader view, this systematic literature review considers three populations experiencing health disparities in the U.S. health system: individuals with disabilities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations; and racial and ethnic minority populations.
Cultural competence techniques, introduced singly or in combination, could change clinician and patient behavior by improving communication, increasing trust, improving racially or ethnically specific knowledge of epidemiology and treatment efficacy, and expanding understanding of patients’ cultural behaviors and environment.
- Overview of Reviews
- Interventions to Improve Cultural Competency
- Study Outcomes
- Provider Outcomes
- Patient/Client Outcomes
- Health Service Access and Utilization Outcomes
- Major Findings of Reviews
- Quality of Studies Within Reviews
- Recommendations of Reviews
- Limitations of Reviews
Searching yielded a total of 6,830 titles, of which 19 met the inclusion criteria and were extracted for analysis (Table 1) [3–8, 13–25]. The main reasons for exclusion were: articles were commentary or opinion pieces, articles were of primary studies, review articles examined cultural competency assessment tools and review articles but did not inc...
Types of interventions to improve cultural competency included in the reviews were: training/workshops/programs for health practitioners (e.g. doctors, nurses and community health workers), culturally specific/tailored education or programs for patient/clients, interpreter services, peer education, patient navigators and exchange programs. Seven of...
There were three main categories of study outcomes amongst the reviews: provider-related outcomes, patient/client-related outcomes and outcomes related to health service access and utilization. Evaluations of implemented models of cultural competency and cost-effectiveness were also examined.
Measured provider outcomes focused on knowledge, attitudes and skills related to cultural competency. In Beach et al.’s review, knowledge refers to information about general cultural concepts such as the impact of culture on the patient-provider encounter or culture-specific knowledge such as traditional cultural practices. Attitude outcomes measu...
There were a variety of patient/client outcomes reported, including physiological outcomes such as blood glucose, weight and blood pressure as well as outcomes such as patient satisfaction and trust , knowledge of cancer screening and knowledge of health conditions . Behavioral outcomes such as dietary and exercise behaviors were also examined in ...
Outcomes related to health service access and utilization included use of bilingual community health workers, interpreters, and patient navigators. These interventions were designed to influence individuals’ ability to access the resources of health care organizations by bridging the cultures of the organizations and those of the target communities...
Provider related outcomes
Six of the eight reviews that examined healthcare provider interventions found some evidence of improvement in provider outcomes such as knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to cultural competency [6, 15–17, 19, 23].
Patient/client related outcomes
Seven of the nine reviews that examined patient/client-related outcomes generally found evidence of some improvement in health outcomes. Hawthorne et al.’s review of culturally appropriate diabetes health education found short-term effects (up to one year) on glycemic control and knowledge of diabetes and healthy lifestyles. However, long-term effects (one year or more) were not examined by any studies. Whittemore also reviewed culturally appropriate interventions in relation to diab...
Outcomes related to access and utilization of health services
Four of five reviews that included studies related to health service outcomes found some evidence of improvement. Fisher et al. reviewed a range of interventions to narrow racial disparities in primary and tertiary health care settings, grouped into three categories: patient behavioral change, access to care, and health care organization innovation. They found that interventions using culturally specific patient navigators and community health workers were among the most successful. Hend...
The majority of reviews noted methodological limitations of studies. This limited conclusive statements about the effectiveness of interventions to increase cultural competency. The main methodological criticisms of the studies by the reviews were: small samples , poor methodological rigor [7, 13, 15], no or few long-term studies [8, 18], no econom...
Twelve of the nineteen reviews concluded that further research (e.g. more rigorous trials and evaluations) was required to determine the effectiveness of interventions to improve cultural competency for providers and patients/clients. The reviews found that many of the studies were difficult to compare as different frameworks of cultural competency...
Some of the reviews focused on one type of intervention such as diabetes education for patient outcomes or health provider cultural competency training ; one type of study outcome such as patient outcomes ; one type of study design such as randomized controlled trials ; or a particular study population such as Hispanics , Asian women or nurses . ...
- Mandy Truong, Yin Paradies, Naomi Priest
- 2014
Cultural competence education for health professionals aims to ensure all people receive equitable, effective health care, particularly those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds.
Aug 15, 2024 · Reduce Health Disparities: Cultural competence helps address health disparities by ensuring that all patients receive appropriate and sensitive care, regardless of their cultural background. This can lead to more equitable health outcomes and reduce the gap in healthcare access and quality.
Apr 2, 2018 · One key approach to improving overall health care cultural competence is to develop the capacity of the health workforce to practice in a culturally competent manner. Health professionals play a key role in determining the nature of interactions and patient experiences when accessing health care.
