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      • The case before the Supreme Court is an appeal of a lower court ruling last year, in which a Massachusetts judge found that the phrase in the Pledge did not violate the state's equal protection guarantees. The judge ruled that including the phrase "under God" in a voluntary statement of patriotism does not "convert the exercise into a prayer."
      www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2013/0904/Pledge-of-Allegiance-under-God-under-threat-in-Massachusetts
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  2. Sep 3, 2013 · Children don't have to say the Pledge of Allegiance, opposing lawyer says. Case will be heard on Wednesday by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts

  3. Sep 4, 2013 · The Massachusetts Supreme Court heard arguments Wednesday in a case that examines whether the “under God” clause in the Pledge of Allegiance makes the state’s daily recitation of the Pledge in...

  4. Jul 14, 2021 · May 9, 2014 - Massachusetts Supreme Court Upholds 'Under God' in the Pledge of Allegiance "Massachusetts' highest court ruled Friday [May 9, 2014] that the Pledge of Allegiance does not discriminate against atheists, saying that the words 'under God' represent a patriotic, not a religious, exercise...

  5. Jan 31, 2018 · Congress inserted the phrase ‘One Nation Under God’ in the Pledge of Allegiance for the express purpose of reaffirming America’s unique understanding of this truth, and to distinguish America from atheistic nations who recognize no higher authority than the State.” Jan. 12, 2004

  6. Sep 4, 2013 · The current Massachusetts case challenges the Pledge from a different perspective than did Michael Newdow, who argued that “under God” in the Pledge violates the prohibition on the establishment of religion in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

    • Michael Lipka
  7. Jun 11, 2012 · The Pledge of Allegiance is being challenged in a lawsuit by the hypersecularist group American Humanist Association, which asked Judge Haggerty to declare the words ‘under God’ unconstitutional and to prohibit recitation of the Pledge in Massachusetts schools.

  8. 2 days ago · There, to mark the Columbus quatercentenary, he claimed to have penned what we know as the Pledge of Allegiance and devised a flag-salute ritual. (In 2022, evidence surfaced that Bellamy might have stolen the idea from a teenager in Kansas.) The Pledge idea might have been part of a plot by the magazine to sell U.S. flags to schools, but no matter.

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