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1. link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10Ortstein - SpringerLink

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   Jan 1, 2016 · On the high Eh-pH side, iron is oxidized to the ferric state and ferrihydrite precipitates. Ferrihydrite is metastable and can be expected to age or ripen to goethite. Fluctuations across the zone of precipitation are also important in causing mottling and nodule formation in gleyic varieties of soil. Full size image.

   • Ortstein and Placic Horizons

     Ortstein horizons are relatively common in the USA, but...

   • Ortstein, Physical Properties

     A huge accumulation of the complexes leads to the formation...

2. acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › fullDistribution and Genesis of Ortstein and Placic Horizons in ...

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   May 1, 2011 · From a weight-of-evidence assessment, ortstein is cemented by Al-organic complexes and short-range-order compounds, and placic horizons are cemented by Fe as ferrihydrite or as Fe-organic complexes. Abbreviations

   • Author: James Bockheim
   • Cited By: 19

   • Publish Year: 2011
   • Published: 01 May 2011

3. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleOxygen isotopic composition of ferric oxides from recent soil ...

   www.sciencedirect.com › science › article

   Jul 1, 2000 · Ortstein is a hardened spodic horizon in which the cementation is due to sesquioxides (mostly iron) and illuviated organic matter. All the ferric oxides reported here are recent and are actively forming today.

4. lauren-obrien.github.io › nzsc_v3 › DiagnosticsDiagnostic horizons and other differentiae – New Zealand Soil ...

   lauren-obrien.github.io › nzsc_v3 › Diagnostics

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   A slowly permeable layer is significant for the land use, genetic and hydrological understanding of soils. It may overlap a number of other diagnostic horizons — for example, the fragipan, argillic horizon, densipan, humus-pan or ortstein horizons and lithic or paralithic contacts. Sodic Features

5. link.springer.com › chapter › 10Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

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   Jan 1, 2014 · Ortstein horizons are relatively common in the USA, but placic horizons are less common. Soils bearing ortstein and placic horizons are used for cranberry and blueberry culture, truck crops, and forestry operations but have many limitations for other kinds of land use.

   • Author: James G. Bockheim

   • Publish Year: 2014

6. link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

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   Jan 1, 2014 · A huge accumulation of the complexes leads to the formation of coherent aggregates, and even of continuous, highly cemented layers referred to as ortstein. Properties: Ortstein is 25 mm or more thick and 50% or more (by volume) cemented (Soil Survey Staff, 1999).

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   What is a horizon Ortstein?

   • A huge accumulation of the complexes leads to the formation of coherent aggregates, and even of continuous, highly cemented layers referred to as ortstein. Properties: Ortstein is 25 mm or more thick and 50% or more (by volume) cemented (Soil Survey Staff, 1999). As a rule, the horizon has sandy grain-size distribution.

   Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_252

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   Where does Ortstein come from?

   • Origin: Ortstein is usually a hard, partly or entirely cemented illuvial horizon B of podzol or gley-podzol soils, formed as a result of illuviation of aluminum, iron, manganese, and humus compounds from the overlying horizons. In gley-podzol soils, some iron and manganese compounds may come from precipitation from groundwater (Chodorowski, 2009).

   Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_252

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   What are Ortstein and placic Horizons used for?

   • Soils bearing ortstein and placic horizons are used for cranberry and blueberry culture, truck crops, and forestry operations but have many limitations for other kinds of land use. The factors influencing the distribution and formation of these cemented horizons are poorly understood.

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

   link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-06668-4_18

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   How is Ortstein cemented?

   • Therefore, ortstein appears to be cemented primarily by Al-humus gels that bridge sand grains, and placic horizons are cemented by amorphous or weakly crystalline Fe minerals with or without organic complexes.

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

   link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-06668-4_18

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   Do ferrihydrite and goethite exist?

   • The existence of ferrihydrite and goethite, along with some lepidocrocite, has been verified with differential XRD, SEM, EDS, micromorphology, and selective dissolution techniques (Jien et al. 2010; Campbell and Schwertmann 1984).

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

   link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-06668-4_18

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   Does Ortstein form a continuous horizon?

   • The distance between columns or chunks of ortstein varied from 10 cm to as much as 150 cm. In that the extent of cementation varied from <5 % to 100 %, it is possible that these chunks eventually coalesce to form a continuous ortstein horizon. Most of the soils examined in this study occur on relatively young landforms, ca. <200 ky.

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

   link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-06668-4_18

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8. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleA comparative micromorphological and chemical study of ...

   www.sciencedirect.com › science › article

   Jul 1, 2004 · In respect to iron minerals, at least two types of Raseneisenstein can be distinguished (Schlichting, 1965): the oxidized (goethite, ferrihydrite) and the reduced one (vivianite, siderite).