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Apr 25, 2023 · It might seem obvious that science should aim at being free from all social and ethical values. Science aims at empirical truths, claims about the way the world is, and social and ethical values are about the way the world should be.
Nov 7, 2017 · There is a common perception that science is a matter of hard facts and that it can and should remain insulated from the social and political interests that permeate the rest of society.
- Placing Priority on Epistemic Values
- Role Restrictions For Values in Science
- Getting The Right Values in Science
- Ensuring Proper Community Functioning
- Ensuring Good Institutional Structures For Scientific Practice
Daniel Steel has suggested that the correct ideal for values in science is to make sure they do not hinder the attainment of truth (within the realm of “practically and ethically permissible” science).Footnote 19Ethical values, of course, do restrict our methodologies and the kinds of science we pursue, so Steel does allow those kinds of restrictio...
In my work, I have emphasized distinct roles for values in science. I have argued that there are two roles for values in science: a direct role (where values serve as a reason to do something, and thus direct the decision) and an indirect role (where values serve to help assess whether the available evidence is sufficient for an inference or choice...
Several philosophers of science have argued in recent years that the important thing to focus on for values in science is making sure that the right values are influencing scientific research.Footnote 23Such authors have taken an “aims-oriented” approach to the problem of values in science. Janet Kourany, for example, has argued for a “joint satisf...
One of the weaknesses of the get-the-right-values-in-science ideal is that it is mute when we don’t know what the right values are. What then? Or, what if the right values encompass a plurality of values, all legitimate, with good reasons to support them and reasonable disagreement among them? What kind of ideal can we articulate under these circum...
While the social epistemological tendencies reflected in ideal 4 are useful for thinking about how we want our scientific communities to work, they do not help inform how the scientific community should think about its role and responsibilities to the broader society or how we want to structure the science-policy interfaces that so powerfully shape...
- dougl239@msu.edu
Jan 22, 2024 · Hempel’s emphasis on the importance of social and ethical values for inference in the applied sciences but epistemic values for pure science is a clear expression of the VFI within the social contract. Recall that the VFI requires that no social or ethical values be involved in scientific inference.
Oct 11, 2024 · Alternatively, one could accept that scientists should bring ethical values into their assessments of epistemic risk while questioning the extent to which non-epistemic criteria should be employed as a basis for assessing scientific hypotheses or models.
Scientists need to integrate scientific values with other ethical and social values. Obviously, science can help identify unforeseen consequences or causal relationships where ethical values or principles are relevant. In addition, individuals need reliable knowledge for making informed decisions.
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Jun 17, 2024 · Some go as far as to consider policies motivated by pro-social values an outright politicisation of science threatening its objectivity and even harming human welfare (Krylov and Tanzman,...
