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IBM's 1971 System/370 used ICs for their logic, and later models used semiconductor memory. By 1971, the ILLIAC IV supercomputer was the fastest computer in the world, using about a quarter-million small-scale ECL logic gate integrated circuits to make up sixty-four parallel data processors.
- Third Generation
- Fourth Generation
- Mainframes and Minicomputers
- Microprocessor and Cost Reduction
- Micral N
- Altair 8800 and Imsai 8080
- Microcomputer Emerges
- Timeline of Computer Systems and Important Hardware
The mass increase in the use of computers accelerated with 'Third Generation' computers. These generally relied on integrated circuit (microchip) technology, starting around 1966 in the commercial market. In 1958, Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments invented the hybrid integrated circuit (hybrid IC), which had external wire connections, making it diffi...
Third generation minicomputers were essentially scaled-down versions of mainframe computers, whereas the fourth generation's origins are fundamentally different. The basis of the fourth generation is the microprocessor, a computer processor contained on a single large-scale integration (LSI) MOS integrated circuit chip. Microprocessor-based compute...
A more interactive form of computer use developed commercially by the middle 1960s. In a time-sharing system, multiple teleprinter terminals let many people share the use of one mainframe computer processor. This was common in business applications and in science and engineering. A different model of computer use was foreshadowed by the way in whic...
In the minicomputer ancestors of the modern personal computer, processing was carried out by circuits with large numbers of components arranged on multiple large printed circuit boards. Minicomputers were consequently physically large and expensive to produce compared with later microprocessor systems. After the "computer-on-a-chip" was commerciali...
In France, the company R2E (Réalisations et Etudes Electroniques) formed by five former engineers of the Intertechnique company, André Truong Trong Thi and François Gernelle introduced in February 1975 a microcomputer, the Micral N based on the Intel 8008. Originally, the computer had been designed by Gernelle, Lacombe, Beckmann and Benchitrite for...
Development of the single-chip microprocessor was an enormous catalyst to the popularization of cheap, easy to use, and truly personal computers. The Altair 8800, introduced in a Popular Electronicsmagazine article in the January 1975 issue, at the time set a new low price point for a computer, bringing computer ownership to an admittedly select ma...
The "Big Three" computers of 1977: from left to right, the Commodore PET (PET 2001 model shown), the standard Apple II (with two Disk II drives) and the TRS-80 Model I.
Source: Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s%E2%80%93present) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License.
Nov 11, 2023 · In the 1970s, IBM pioneered the floppy disk in 1971. Their 8-inch disks held just 80KB! The IBM 3279 display terminal (1972) was one of the first to use all-ASCII characters. IBM developed a test prototype home PC in 1975 with Intel before launching the 5150 PC in 1981.
Some 1970s-era IBM technologies emerged to become facets of everyday life. IBM developed magnetic stripe technology in the 1960s, and it became a credit card industry standard in 1971. The IBM-invented floppy disk, also introduced in
The Third Generation of Computers (1965-1980): ICs and Multiprogramming. The early 1960s saw computer manufacturers maintaining two distinct product lines. One the one hand were the highly mathematical, scientific computers and on the other side were the character-oriented, commercial computers.
The IBM Personal Computer (model 5150, commonly known as the IBM PC) is the first microcomputer released in the IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible de facto standard. Released on August 12, 1981, it was created by a team of engineers and designers at International Business Machines (IBM), directed by William C. Lowe and ...
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There just weren’t many applications to compel the average consumer, student or business executive to own one. That started to change in August 1981 with the introduction of the IBM 5150 Personal Computer. The IBM PC could connect to a television and enabled users to process text and play games.
