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Optimality theory (frequently abbreviated OT) is a linguistic model proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints. OT differs from other approaches to phonological analysis, which typically use rules rather than constraints. However, phonological models of representation, such as ...
This article is a draft of my chapter on “Markedness and Faithfulness Constraints” in the Blackwell’s Companion to Phonology (chapter 74). The published version is 11,000 words long; this version is 14,300 words long. The published version is missing sections 3.4, 4.3, 5, has a shorter section 1.1, and has half as many references.
The process of acquisition is one of promoting the faithfulness constraints to approximate more and more closely the adult grammar, and produce more and more marked forms. The path of acquisition will vary from child to child, as different children promote the various faithfulness constraints in different orders.
- Amalia Gnanadesikan
- 2004
Faithfulness → the force that attempts to make the output identical to the input. Unmarked way of pronunciation of the forms. The interaction of these two forces determines the output. These two forces are represented by universal constraints – languages rank them differently.
Faithfulness constraints compare an output form to its corresponding input (loosely speaking, underlying) form and require the two to be identical along some phonologically relevant dimension; for example, there are different faithfulness constraints that penalize epenthesis, deletion, and featural change.
Faithfulness constraints enforce similarity between input and output, for example requiring all input consonants to appear in the output, or all morphosyntactic features in the input to be overtly realized in the output. Markedness and faithfulness constraints can conflict, so the constraints’ ranking—which differs
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• the Faithfulness Constraint does not recapitulate any part of the Aspiration Constraint • the Faithfulness Constraint is a direct reflection of the inertia of the input Constraints can interact via the relationship of importance which is formalized as ranking. Tableau: Two interpretations of ranking /x/ A B [y] *! & [z] ** /x/ A B && [y ...
