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- The hypothalamus in the brain is in charge of the stress response. When a stress response is triggered, it sends signals to two other structures: the pituitary gland and the adrenal medulla.
www.simplypsychology.org/stress-biology.html
May 7, 2024 · Biological markers: Assessing stress hormones such as cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels in the blood, saliva, and urine provides objective indicators of the physiological stress response.
- Brianna Chu, Komal Marwaha, Terrence Sanvictores, Derek Ayers
- 2024/05/07
- 2019
Oct 17, 2020 · Key components of the stress system are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which interact with other vital centers in the central nervous system (CNS) and tissues/organs in the periphery to mobilize a successful adaptive response against the imposed stressor(s).
- Constantine Tsigos, Ioannis Kyrou, Eva Kassi, George P. Chrousos
- 2020/10/17
- 2016
- The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) System
- Sympathomedullary Pathway
- Evaluation
- References
The stressor activates the Hypothalamic Pituitary AxisThe hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary glandThe pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands and releases the stress hormone cortisolThe hypothalamus also activates the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is the part of the peripheral nervous systemthat acts as a control system, maintaining homeostasis in the body. These activities are generally performed without conscious control. The adrenal medulla secretes the hormone a...
Strengths
1. Measuring stress hormones gives an objective measure of stress. 2. Fight/flight response can be seen in all mammals in response to threats.
Weakness
1. There is considerable variation in the level and type of hormones released by different people and in response to different stressors – not a simple physiological process. 2. People without adrenal glands need hormonal supplements to survive stress. 3. Symington (1955) found that conscious dying patients showed different stress reactions to unconscious ones. Suggests that psychological factors play a role.
Currie, A. R., & Symington, T. (1955). The pathology of the pituitary and adrenal glands in systemic disease in man. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 48(11), 908.
Jun 27, 2019 · The human stress response is an additional homeostatic mechanism that provides a better chance of survival when the body is under threat and mobilizes neural and hormonal networks to optimize...
- Georgina Russell, Stafford Lightman
- 2019
Apr 3, 2024 · Over time, repeated activation of the stress response takes a toll on the body. Research suggests that chronic stress contributes to high blood pressure, promotes the formation of artery-clogging deposits, and causes brain changes that may contribute to anxiety, depression, and addiction.
- hhp_info@health.harvard.edu
The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral responses which can be either adaptive or damaging.
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Why is the brain a key organ of the stress response?
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How does the stress system work?
These responses include increased heart rate and cardiac output, dilation of airways to improve oxygen intake, and redirection of blood flow away from non-essential organs like the digestive system and toward skeletal muscles, which may be needed for physical exertion.
