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- All languages use ‘tone’ if what is meant is either pitch or the f0 variations that are unavoidable in spoken language. However, this is not what is generally meant when the term is used by phonologists. Instead, there is a major typological split between those languages that use tone to distinguish morphemes and words versus those that do not.
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phonology: Phonological phenomena are no longer treated as random events. That falling tones are formed before a low tone and not before a high tone is not considered as an accident. A phonological process is expressed by a direct connection of some part of the phonological representation of a neighbouring segment.
- Research Surveys in Linguistics
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In large domains of theoretical and empirical linguistics, scholarly communication needs are directly comparable to those in analytical and natural sciences. Conspicuously lacking in the inventory publications for linguists, compared to those in the sciences, are concise, single-authored, non-textbook reviews of rapidly evolving areas of inquiry. R...
The question of how the delicate pitch variations that humans can produce are employed in language has been one of the most fascinating topics in phonological and phonetic research at least since Joshua Steele’s Essay towards establishing the Melody and Measure of Speech (Steele 1775), but has developed a particularly fruitful momentum in the past ...
Analogical Lengthening constraint hierarchy (Optimality Theory) Compound Rule digital audiotape Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth extra-sentential constituent evaluation procedure (Optimality Theory) fundamental frequency Generator (Optimality Theory) hertz Initial Accent Deletion Input–Output (Optimality Theory) Intermediate Phrase Middle High Germ...
A typology of tone processes is presented and mechanisms for the historical development of tone (tonogenesis) are discussed. The chapter explores the source of intonational events as markers of prosodic boundaries, metrically prominent syllables, and tonally defined prosodic constituents.
Dec 31, 2020 · Tone can undergo vertical or horizontal assimilation as well as dissimilation. Tone can function lexically, morphologically, syntactically, or semantically. No other phonological features exhibit the long-distance effects found with tone.
This chapter reviews commonly recurring tendencies in the phonetic realization of tones, both in intonation and in lexical tone systems. It discusses local interactions between tonal targets, such as tonal coarticulation, dissimilatory H-raising, and rightward target displacement.
Designed as a comprehensive study accessible to the novice and useful for the expert, each chapter covers a particular aspect of tone in increasing depth and complexity, weaving together key concepts and theories that provide complementing or competing accounts of tone's phonological intricacies.
In this comprehensive survey, Carlos Gussenhoven provides an overview of research into tone and intonation, discussing why speakers vary their pitch, what pitch variations mean, and how they are integrated into our grammars.
