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Gross anatomy studies larger structures of the human body and is divided into three different fields: surface anatomy, systemic anatomy, and regional anatomy. The best way to learn gross anatomy is through active learning techniques – and the combination of digital tools and gross dissection is more effective than either approach alone.
Regional Anatomy is the study of the body's organization by specific areas, focusing on how structures like muscles, nerves, and organs function together. Regional anatomy provides a comprehensive view of anatomical interrelations, aiding surgical planning and disease assessment.
- Anatomical Position. To further increase precision, anatomists standardize the way in which they view the body. Just as maps are normally oriented with north at the top, the standard body “map,” or anatomical position, is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward.
- Regional Terms. The human body’s numerous regions have specific terms to help increase precision (see Figure 1.12). Notice that the term “brachium” or “arm” is reserved for the “upper arm” and “antebrachium” or “forearm” is used rather than “lower arm.”
- Directional Terms. Certain directional anatomical terms appear throughout this and any other anatomy textbook (Figure 1.13). These terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures.
- Body Planes. A section is a two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut. Modern medical imaging devices enable clinicians to obtain “virtual sections” of living bodies.
Anatomists take two general approaches to the study of the body’s structures: regional and systemic. Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region, such as the abdomen.
Anatomists take two general approaches to the study of the body’s structures: regional and systemic. Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region, such as the abdomen.
Anatomists take two general approaches to the study of the body’s structures: regional and systemic. Regional anatomy is the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region, such as the abdomen.
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We'll start with answering the question – what is a region of the body – and the relevance of a regional anatomy approach. Then we're going to look at the two main anatomical divisions of the body starting with the axial region followed by the appendicular region.
