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The ‘swinging light test’ is used to detect a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD): a means of detecting differences between the two eyes in how they respond to a light shone in one eye at a time. The test can be very useful for detecting unilateral or asymmetrical disease of the retina or optic nerve (but only optic nerve disease that ...
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Swinging-light test – left RAPD Illumination of the (more)...
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Swinging-light test - normal (no RAPD) Illumination of...
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The grading of a RAPD in the swinging light test. Amaurotic:...
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- Background
- Conditions Leading to A RAPD
- RAPD Diagnosis and Challenges with The Swinging Flashlight Test
- Quantification of RAPD
- Digital Marcus Gunn Test as An Alternative Solution
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) is a condition in which pupils respond differently to light stimuli shone in one eye at a time due to unilateral or asymmetrical disease of the retina or optic nerve (only optic nerve disease occurs in front of the lateral geniculate body). Swinging flashlight test or Marcus Gunn test is one of the most bas...
Any disorders that affect the optic nerves regardless of the its pathology can lead to a RAPD. Common causes of unilateral optic neuropathies that lead to RAPD are: 1. Demyelination Optic neuritis: Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, Anti-MOG etc. Even mild optic neuritis with a minimal loss of vision or normal vision can le...
Pupils are inspected for size, equality, and regularity during an eye exam. Each pupil should constrict quickly and equally during exposure to direct light and to light directed at the other pupil (the consensual light reflex). Using the swinging light test, physicians test and observe the pupillary response to consensual light in order to determin...
Various techniques have been described to quantify or measure APDs. These include the use of neutral density filters , cross-polarized filters , and subjective grading based on the amount of initial contraction and subsequent re-dilation of each pupil as the light is swung . Although these techniques have been shown to be effective and accurate, a ...
The development of personal computer-based infrared video instruments has allowed pupillography to enter the clinical arena. Measuring pupil diameter for refractive surgery, distinguishing Horner syndrome from physiologic anisocoria, quantifying the relative afferent pupillary defect, and plotting visual fields by means of graded pupil constriction...
A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil (after Robert Marcus Gunn), is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test [ 1 ] whereupon the patient's pupils excessively dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. The affected eye still senses the light and ...
Sep 23, 2021 · Marcus Gunn pupil can be caused by diseases of the retina, including retinal detachment (i.e. where the retina at the back of the eye pulls away from its normal position) and retinal ischemia (i.e. a conduction characterized by chronic reduced blood flow to the retina). It may also be due to optic nerve disease, specifically occuring before the ...
- Marcus Gunn pupil, also referred to as a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD), is a rare condition in which an individual’s response to light is d...
- When a light is shone into an eye with a Marcus Gunn pupil, it will not constrict as much as an unaffected eye, signaling that there is an underlyi...
- The Marcus Gunn pupil can be detected by the swinging light test, a diagnostic test in which a flashlight is moved quickly between both eyes and th...
- Treatment of Marcus Gunn pupils is dependent on the underlying cause. If it is due to optic neuritis, it may improve without any treatment; however...
- Marcus Gunn pupil refers to the unequal pupillary response to light due to damage or disease in the retina or optic nerve. Examples include retinal...
Aug 16, 2022 · Diagnosing relative afferent pupillary defect. A widely used method for testing RAPD is called the “swinging light test.” This test uses a narrow-focused light to observe the pupillary light reflex. The patient will sit in a dimly lit room and focus on a distant object, like the Snellen chart on the wall. While their eyes are focused, the ...
Jun 6, 2023 · Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD), also known as Marcus Gunn pupil, is a condition characterized by an abnormal pupillary light reflex due to optic nerve dysfunction or asymmetrical visual pathway impairment. Its causes include a variety of conditions such as optic nerve damage, retinal diseases, or lesions affecting the visual pathway.
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What is a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
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What is the difference between Argyll Robinson pupil and Marcus Gunn pupil?
It might also be called relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), Gunn’s syndrome or Marcus Gunn sign. Types of Marcus Gunn pupil or RAPD. There are different ways to classify RAPD. Sometimes, professionals refer to a clinical grading system ranging from one to five based on how much your pupil contracts or dilates when exposed to light.
