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Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]
Soil Chemical Properties. Chemical properties of soils include the following aspects: inorganic matters of soil, organic matters in soil, colloidal properties of soil particles and soil reactions and buffering action in acidic soils and basic soils. The chemical side of a soil is extremely important of course and is about the correct balance of ...
- Introduction
- Soil Solution
- Soil Colloids
- Cation Exchange in Soils
- Anion Adsorption and Exchange
- Soil Ph
- Soil Salinity and Sodicity
- Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
- Summary
- References
Soil chemistry is a branch of soil science that deals with the chemical composition, chemical reactions and chemical properties in soils. Abioticphases of the soil include solids (organic matter and inorganic minerals), liquids (soil water), and gases (soil air), while the biotic phase consists of living organisms. Soil, therefore, is a dynamic liv...
Soil water, including dissolved solutes, is referred to as the soil solution and is the lifeblood of soil. All chemical reactions, mineral precipitation/dissolution reactions, ion exchange reactions, redox reactions, and nutrient uptake by plants occur in, or are mediated by the soil solution. Without soil water, very few chemical or biological rea...
The soil colloidal fraction is defined as that fraction of the soil made up collectively of small (<0.002 mm) inorganic and organic particles (Brady and Weil, 2010). The high specific surface areaand the presence of electric charges on most particles are responsible for important soil characteristics such as swelling capacity, the ability of the so...
Negatively charged surfaces on soil colloids attract cations by electrostatic forces. Cations retained by soil colloids may be eventually released to the soil solution through exchange with other cations in the soil solution. The cations most commonly held by soil colloidal particles are Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, H+ and Al3+. Of these, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, a...
Soils are able to retain anions in a similar fashion to retaining cations, particularly in the lower pH range when the surfaces of some colloids (e.g., oxy-hydroxides) have positive charges. Retention of anions through adsorption varies from one anion to another. Some anions are retained through non-specific adsorption mechanisms, while others are ...
Soil pH is a measure of the activity(cf. concentration) of hydrogen ions in the soil solution and describes the acidity or alkalinity in the soil. For our discussion herein we define activity as “effective” concentration, whereby activity is roughly equal to concentration in dilute solutions but generally deviating from concentration (typically bec...
Soil salinity levels are controlled by the concentration of total dissolved mineral salts present in the soil solution. Salts occur naturally in both soil and water and may, under certain conditions, accumulate in soil. The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil is known as salinization. Dissolved salts that contribute to soil salinity include t...
Oxidation-reduction reactions, or redox reactions, involve the transfer of electrons and the conversion of an element from one valence state to another. Understanding the behaviour of redox sensitive elements in soil is central to understanding the behaviour of Gleysolic and Organic soils, and gleyed soil subgroups that occur within all mineral soi...
Soil chemistry involves the study of the chemical composition, chemical properties and chemical reactions involving soil solids (organic matter and inorganic minerals), liquids (soil water), gases...Soil chemical properties are largely influenced by the type and quantity of inorganic minerals present in the soil and the organic matter (humus) content. Inorganic colloids mainly include phyllosi...The presence of surface charges in both inorganic minerals and humus particles is responsible for ion adsorption and exchange in soils. Most charges are permanent (not dependent on soil pH) and neg...Negative charges on soil particles can attract and adsorb cations, which can be released back to the soil solution through ion exchange. Cation exchange capacity, defined as the sum of total exchan...Acton D.F., and Gregorich L.J. 1995. The health of our soils: toward sustainable agriculture in Canada. Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, CDR Unit, Ottawa. Bowen H.J.M. 1979. Environmental chemistry of the elements. Academic Press, London, New York. Brady N.C. and Weil, R.R. 2010. The Nature and Properties of Soils 13th Ed. Pearson Education. Canada De...
The physical, chemical, and biological soil properties are fundamental. Shortly, the physical properties of soil are—to a great extent—fixed and will not change over the years. These properties play a vital role in the sustainable productivity of soils. Most of the physical properties can be evaluated visually on site.
Chemical element - Soil Composition, Properties, Reactions: Soil is a thin veneer that forms a discontinuous cover on the land areas of the Earth. Its volume and its mass are small in comparison to the major geospheres, but it is of vast importance to man. Superficially it might be considered merely as comminuted (pulverized) and decomposed bedrock; however, this viewpoint takes into account ...
Oct 29, 2019 · Abstract. Soil chemistry is the branch of soil science that deals with the chemical composition, chemical properties, and chemical reactions of soils. Soils are heterogeneous mixtures of air, water, inorganic and organic solids, and microorganisms (both plant and animal in nature). No two soils are exactly alike.
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Nov 8, 2024 · Soil - Nutrients, pH, Minerals: The bulk of soil consists of mineral particles that are composed of arrays of silicate ions (SiO44−) combined with various positively charged metal ions. It is the number and type of the metal ions present that determine the particular mineral. The most common mineral found in Earth’s crust is feldspar, an aluminosilicate that contains sodium, potassium, or ...
