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  1. To find the formula for density, divide the formula of unit weight by gravitational constant g (acceleration due to gravity). But instead of having g in the formula, use the density of water replacing the unit weight of water. The following formulas are taken from unit weights of soil: ρ = (G + Gw)ρw 1 + e.

  2. The submerged unit weight is the ratio of the submerged soil solids to the total volume of the soil mass. γ′ = (Wd)sub V γ ′ = (W d) s u b V. When the soil solids are submerged in water then the weight of the soil solids is reduced by its tendency to float or buoyancy. The submerged weight is equal to the weight of the soil solids in air ...

  3. Bulk density is the weight of soil in a given volume. Soils with a bulk density higher than 1.6 g/cm3 tend to restrict root growth. Bulk density increases with compaction and tends to increase with depth. Sandy soils are more prone to high bulk density. Bulk density can be used to calculate soil properties per unit area (e.g. kg/ha).

  4. Bulk Unit Weight (γ)/ Bulk Density(ρ) It is the ratio of weight/mass of soil(W, M) in existing conditions to the total volume of soil mass(V) . It is represented as ‘γ’ /‘ρ’ .

    • Specific Gravity
    • Unit Weight and Density
    • Soil Mechanics
    • Soil Formation & Properties of Soil
  5. The unit weight of soil refers to the weight of the soil mass per unit volume of the soil. It is typically measured in units of kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) or pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³). The unit weight of soil is influenced by factors such as moisture content, void ratio, porosity, and particle density.

  6. Bulk Unit Weight of Soil refers to the weight of a volume of soil or granular material per unit volume. It is commonly expressed in units such as pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). This parameter is of significant importance in various fields, including construction, geotechnical engineering, and soil mechanics.

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  8. Saturated unit weight (γsat) is the bulk unit weight of a soil when it is saturated. Submerged unit weight (γ') is the effective unit weight of a submerged soil, and is given by: γ'=γ −γ sat w where, γw is the unit weight of water, which is 9.81 kN/m 3. Densities (ρ) are similar to unit weights, except that mass, instead of weight, is ...

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