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Fear-potentiated startle (FPS) is a reflexive physiological reaction to a presented stimulus, and is an indicator of the fear reaction in an organism. The FPS response can be elicited in the face of any threatening stimulus (e.g., any object, person or situation that would cause someone to experience feelings of fear), but it can also be elicited by a neutral stimulus as a result of fear ...
This startle response is modulated by the presence of a fear-conditioned CS+, a phenomenon termed fear-potentiated startle ((Brown et al., 1951), see for review ). In humans, startle response is easily quantified by measuring the activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle using electromyography (Blumenthal et al., 2005).
Sep 21, 2021 · How these co-occurring symptoms develop is not well understood. We studied the amygdala, a region of the brain critical for processing fear and a laboratory method called fear potentiated startle for measuring fear conditioning, in children with ASD (with and without an anxiety disorder) and typically developing children.
- David R Hessl, Lauren Libero, Andrea Schneider, Connor Kerns, Breanna Winder-Patel, Brianna Heath, J...
- 10.1002/aur.2460
- 2021
- 2021/03
Nov 21, 2011 · A frequently used psychophysiological measure of conditioned fear is fear-potentiated startle, or the relative increase in the frequency or magnitude of the acoustic startle reflex in the presence of a previously neutral cue (e.g., colored shape; termed the conditioned stimulus or CS) that was paired with an aversive cue (e.g., airblast to the larynx; termed the unconditioned stimulus or US ...
- Seth Davin Norrholm, Kemp M Anderson, Ilana W Olin, Tanja Jovanovic, Cliffe Kwon, Victor T Warren, A...
- 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00077
- 2011
- Front Behav Neurosci. 2011; 5: 77.
The fear-potentiated startle (FPS) effect refers to the exaggerated startle reaction potentiated by the learned CS–US association [see Lang, Davis, & Ohman, 2000 for a review]. In essence, the threat cue primes an individual for response, creating a fear state, manifested by an exaggerated startle reflex to any sudden new stimulus.
- Lindsey Sterling, Jeffrey Munson, Annette Estes, Michael Andrew Murias, Sara Jane Webb, Bryan King, ...
- 10.1002/aur.1289
- 2013
- 2013/10
Oct 16, 2014 · Fear-potentiated startle is defined as the increase in the frequency or intensity of the acoustic startle reflex in the presence of a previously neutral cue (termed a conditioned stimulus or CS; e.g., colored geometric shape) that has been associated with an aversive, unconditioned stimulus (US) (termed the US; e.g., cutaneous electric shock or airblast to the larynx; Davis and Astrachan, 1978 ...
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Sep 28, 2018 · Evidence of fear learning in humans is usually obtained through behavioral and physiological measures of the expression of fear, such as the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) reflex, pupil dilation ...
