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Aug 16, 2022 · Definition. Civilization (from the Latin civis =citizen and civitas = city) is a term applied to any society which has developed a writing system, government, production of surplus food, division of labor, and urbanization. The term is difficult to define because not all 'civilizations' include every one of the above facets.
- Joshua J. Mark
4 days ago · Civilization describes a complex way of life that came about as people began to develop networks of urban settlements. The earliest civilizations developed between 4000 and 3000 B.C.E., when the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability.
Toynbee explored civilization processes in his multi-volume A Study of History, which traced the rise and, in most cases, the decline of 21 civilizations and five "arrested civilizations". Civilizations generally declined and fell, according to Toynbee, because of the failure of a "creative minority", through moral or religious decline, to meet some important challenge, rather than mere ...
- Lesley Kennedy
- 11 min
- Mesopotamia, 4000-3500 B.C. Meaning “between two rivers” in Greek, Mesopotamia (located in modern-day Iraq, Kuwait and Syria) is considered the birthplace of civilization.
- Ancient Egypt, 3100 B.C. The pyramids of Giza, c. 2600 B.C. They are the oldest of the so-called Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Perhaps the most romanticized of past civilizations, ancient Egypt stood as one of history’s most powerful empires for more than 3,000 years.
- Ancient India, 3300 B.C. In ancient India, where Hinduism was founded, religion held great importance, Harl says, along with great literary traditions and incredible architecture.
- Ancient China, 2000 B.C. A Xia-era miniature bronze bell, c. 2100 B.C. The ancient Chinese are credited with inventions including the abacus and the sundial.
Civilization (from the Latin civis=citizen and civitas=city) is a term applied to any society which has developed a writing system, government, production of surplus food, division of labor, and urbanization. The term is difficult to define because not all 'civilizations' include every one of the above facets.
- Joshua J. Mark
- Content Director
Many of the different elements of Western Civilization, things like scientific inquiry, the religions of the book (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), engineering, and mathematics, were originally conceived in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The earliest sites of agriculture emerged in the Fertile Crescent, the region encompassing Egypt along the Nile ...
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States and cities. The coming of farming had allowed the growth of settled populations to take place, but it did not make the coming of civilization inevitable. With the rise of civilization, small-scale, village-based societies became large-scale ones with cities, advanced technologies, and the capability to mobilize the labor of thousands of workers to achieve specified ends.
