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Aug 3, 2021 · Arguments Against Reproductive Cloning. 1. Reproductive cloning would foster an understanding of children, and of people in general, as objects that can be designed and manufactured to possess specific characteristics. 2. Reproductive cloning would diminish the sense of uniqueness of an individual. It would violate deeply and widely held ...
- Human Cloning
Human reproductive cloning – producing a genetic copy of an...
- Topics
Colossal Biosciences, a company mainly known for intending...
- Animal Biotechnologies
Genetic modification, cloning, and other biological...
- Human Genetic Modification
Human genetic modification (or “gene editing”) can be used...
- Publications
Reproductive rights have been a flashpoint in national...
- Technologies
The Department of Homeland Security said it would begin...
- Human Cloning
However, reproductive human or animal cloning is not defined by the method used to derive the genetically identical embryos suitable for implantation. Techniques not yet developed or described here would nonetheless constitute cloning if they resulted in genetically identical individuals of which at least one were an embryo destined for implantation and birth.
- 2002
Current Arguments and Counterarguments Regarding Human Reproductive Cloning Provided below is a summary of some of the current arguments and counterarguments regarding human reproductive cloning. The panel's analysis of each is based on the scientific and medical literature and on presentations at its workshop.
- 2002
- Background
- An Area of Relative Agreement
- Areas of Controversy
- The Way Forward
- Acknowledgements
Cloning in science and science fiction
Cloning in the context of medicine, biotechnology and molecular biology means the production of entities, individuals and populations that are genetically identical or near identical with the original organism or part of an organism from which they are derived. In its spontaneously occurring form, cloning is the way in which bacteria and several plants and animals reproduce asexually. The earliest recorded scientific experiments in cloning animals are from the 19th century and involved frogs,...
Early ethical considerations
Ethicists joined the discussion after John Lederberg, a Nobel Laureate for Physiology or Medicine, advocated in a 1966 article cloning and genetic engineering as appropriate means to improve the human race.4Two Protestant theologians were among the first to react – Paul Ramsey and Joseph Fletcher. Ramsey condemned cloning and adjacent genetic alterations, because he saw that they threaten Christian views on human happiness, morality, personhood, power and procreation. They make happiness seem...
The next scientific milestone was the successful cloning of the first mammal by somatic cell nuclear transfer at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Researchers removed the nuclei of 277 sheep’s ova and fused the ova with mammary gland cells from other sheep. They managed to get 29 embryos growing, and implanting these to surrogate mother sheep resul...
The central issues
To be clear, then, the most dramatically contested area here is the cloning of human beings for reproductive purposes, i.e. for making babies who grow up to be fully-grown adults and fully-fledged members of their societies. Research on human embryos, including nuclear transfer clones, is widely allowed for fourteen days after conception; and the subsequent cultivation and scientific and therapeutic use of human embryonic stem cells is in most countries (not all)18 accepted. Human reproductio...
Asexual reproduction and distorted families
Leon Kass, a conservative American ethicist, asserted in 1998 that cloning is wrong, because it distorts family relationships and our sense of human dignity.20 Apart from the spontaneous disgust that we feel when we think about unnatural ways of making babies,21we have good grounds for rejecting cloning as an asexual form of procreation. The continuous renewal of humanity, according to Kass, relies on heterosexual families and children born as an intended outcome of sex between men and women....
Design, control, deformed societies and confused humanity
Michael Sandel, a philosopher who usually attracts the epithet ‘communitarian’, thinks that cloning is wrong, because it could be the final blow against solidarity in our contemporary societies.25If we allow parents to choose their children and their children’s qualities, which is obviously the case in cloning, they will have expectations and a sense of control over their reproductive endeavours. They will see their offspring as a designed object rather than a gift. The gift aspect, or the ‘g...
The arguments for and against cloning, especially the reproductive cloning of human beings by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have not evolved since the 1997–2007 debates that followed the birth of Dolly. Even then, they were mostly reiterations of earlier clashes between the liberals and the conservatives in the 1960s and 1970s.34 As science advanc...
The research for this review was conducted within the Academy of Finland project Bioeconomy and Justice (SA 307467) and the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry project The Role of Justice in Decision Making Concerning Bioeconomy (MMM 248774). The author wishes to thank the Academy and the Ministry for their financial support. The author al...
- Matti Häyry
- 2018
Oct 1, 2024 · Cloning - Ethical Controversy: Human reproductive cloning remains universally condemned, primarily for the psychological, social, and physiological risks associated with cloning. A cloned embryo intended for implantation into a womb requires thorough molecular testing to fully determine whether an embryo is healthy and whether the cloning process is complete. In addition, as demonstrated by ...
- Michael Rugnetta
Jan 16, 2017 · Most arguments against human cloning are more problematic and limited in scope than generally assumed. Thus, cloning may be ethically permissible in certain contexts. Key Concepts Cloning is a ...
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Jul 20, 2015 · Human cloning may refer to “therapeutic cloning,” particularly the cloning of embryonic cells to obtain organs for transplantation or for treating injured nerve cells and other health purposes. Human cloning more typically refers to “reproductive cloning,” the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to obtain eggs that could develop into adult individuals.
