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1. acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › fullDistribution and Genesis of Ortstein and Placic Horizons in Soils...

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   May 1, 2011 · Properties of horizons containing ≥50% ortstein were compared with those with <50% ortstein, including upper boundary, lower boundary, thickness, proportion of cementation, and degree of cementation (coded).

   • Author: James Bockheim
   • Cited By: 19

   • Publish Year: 2011
   • Published: 01 May 2011

2. sis.agr.gc.ca › cansis › taxaChapter 10: Podzolic Order - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

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   They have a high pH-dependent cation exchange capacity (CEC). The difference (ΔCEC) between CEC measured at pH 7 and at the pH of the soil is usually at least 8 cmol kg-1. They have a base saturation, as determined by an unbuffered salt, nearly always below 80% and commonly less than 50%.

3. sis.agr.gc.ca › cansis › taxaChapter 2: Soil, Pedon, Control Section, and Soil Horizons ...

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   Ortstein - This strongly cemented horizon (Bhc, Bhfc, or Bfc) is at least 3 cm thick and occurs in more than one-third of the exposed face of the pedon. Ortstein horizons are generally reddish brown to very dark reddish brown.

4. link.springer.com › chapter › 10Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

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   Jan 1, 2014 · Spodic horizons with ≥50 % ortstein commonly were moderately cemented; spodic horizons with <50 % ortstein were weakly cemented. Whereas 70 % of the spodic horizon in soils classified with ≥50 % ortstein was cemented, only 16 % of the spodic horizon of soils with <50 % ortstein was cemented.

   • Author: James G. Bockheim

   • Publish Year: 2014

5. www.soiltxnmyforum.cals.vt.edu › forum › readOrtstein vs. Placic Horizons - Virginia Tech

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   > "Ortstein is differentiated from a placic horizon within spodic materials solely on the basis of thickness. Placic horizons within spodic materials are less than 25 mm thick, and ortstein is 25 mm or more thick."

6. link.springer.com › content › pdfChapter 18 Ortstein and Placic Horizons - Springer

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   the thickness of the spodic horizon were significantly greater in soils with 50 % ortstein. However, there were no significant differences between the upper or lower boundaries or the thickness of ortstein for soils with 50 % and <50 % ortstein. The ortstein horizon averaged 41 cm and 32 cm in thickness for soils with 50 %

7. People also ask

   What is the difference between 50 % Ortstein and 50 % Ortstein?

   • Whereas soils with ≥50 % ortstein commonly had a massive structure (64 % of soil series), soils with <50 % ortstein and those lacking ortstein often had a subangular blocky structure (74 % and 54 %, respectively) (Table 18.2).

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

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   How thick is Ortstein?

   • According to Soil Taxonomy (ST), ortstein consists of spodic materials and occurs in a layer that is ≥25 mm thick and ≥50 % cemented (Soil Survey Staff 2010) (Fig. 18.1). In ST, ortstein is both a diagnostic subsurface horizon and the only rupture-resistance class recognized in the system.

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

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   How thick is a soil with 50 % Ortstein?

   • The ortstein horizon averaged 41 cm and 32 cm in thickness for soils with ≥50 % and <50 % ortstein, respectively. The degree and proportion of cementation were significantly greater in soils with ≥50 % ortstein than in those with <50 % ortstein (Table 18.1).

   Ortstein and Placic Horizons - SpringerLink

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   What does Ortstein mean?

   • Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ( (EESS)) Ortstein (German: ort -place, stein -stone) is defined by Soil Survey Staff (1992) as all or part of the spodic horizon, when moist, it is at least weakly cemented into a massive horizon that is present in more than half of each pedon.

   Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

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   Where does Ortstein come from?

   • Origin: Ortstein is usually a hard, partly or entirely cemented illuvial horizon B of podzol or gley-podzol soils, formed as a result of illuviation of aluminum, iron, manganese, and humus compounds from the overlying horizons. In gley-podzol soils, some iron and manganese compounds may come from precipitation from groundwater (Chodorowski, 2009).

   Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

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   What is a horizon Ortstein?

   • A huge accumulation of the complexes leads to the formation of coherent aggregates, and even of continuous, highly cemented layers referred to as ortstein. Properties: Ortstein is 25 mm or more thick and 50% or more (by volume) cemented (Soil Survey Staff, 1999). As a rule, the horizon has sandy grain-size distribution.

   Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

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8. link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10Ortstein, Physical Properties | SpringerLink

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   Jan 1, 2014 · Properties: Ortstein is 25 mm or more thick and 50% or more (by volume) cemented (Soil Survey Staff, 1999). As a rule, the horizon has sandy grain-size distribution. Compared to the adjacent non-cemented horizons, ortstein usually has a higher bulk density (Lambert and Hole, 1971; Wang et al., 1978).