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  2. Resistance is the total opposition of an object to current flow. Resistivity is a more standardized term to quantify the resistance of an object. It is the amount of resistance offered per cubic meter of an object. The SI unit of resistance is Ohm.

  3. The unit of resistivity in SI units is the ohm-meter \((\Omega \cdot m\). We can define the resistivity in terms of the electrical field and the current density. \[\rho = \dfrac{E}{J}.\] The greater the resistivity, the larger the field needed to produce a given current density.

  4. The SI unit of resistivity is ohm-meter. Resistivity increases linearly with temperature. The resistivity of conductors is low compared to the insulators’ resistivity.

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  5. The symbol for resistivity is the lowercase Greek letter rho, ρ ρ, and resistivity is the reciprocal of electrical conductivity: ρ = 1 σ . ρ = 1 σ . The unit of resistivity in SI units is the ohm-meter ( Ω · m ) ( Ω · m ) .

  6. We define the resistivity \(\rho\) of a substance so that the resistance \(R\) of an object is directly proportional to \(\rho\). Resistivity \(\rho\) is an intrinsic property of a material, independent of its shape or size.

  7. Whether or not a material obeys Ohm's law, its resistance can be described in terms of its bulk resistivity. The resistivity, and thus the resistance, is temperature dependent. Over sizable ranges of temperature, this temperature dependence can be predicted from a temperature coefficient of resistance.

  8. A resistor that is made of an electrically conductive metal consists of a lattice of atoms that have one or more electrons in their outer orbits that are very weakly bound to the nucleus of the atom and can be pushed from one such atom to another by a small electrical force.

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