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What is the differential diagnosis of vertigo?
What is peripheral vertigo?
What is the difference between Central and peripheral vertigo?
What percentage of vertigo is peripheral?
Why is it important to differentiate vertigo from other forms of dizziness?
Jun 26, 2023 · Peripheral vertigo typically presents with acute, severe episodes. Peripheral vertigo usually is made worse with head movements and is generally associated with horizontal/rotary nystagmus, which is fatigable and unidirectional. This activity describes the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of peripheral vertigo and highlights the role of ...
- Brett Baumgartner, Roger S. Taylor
- 2023/06/26
- Charleston Area Medical Center
Mar 13, 2023 · Differential Diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of vertigo is extensive as it can arise from a central or peripheral lesion in the vestibular system. Therefore, it is important to differentiate vertigo from symptoms of disequilibrium and pre-syncope, such as imbalance and lightheadedness.
- Monica Stanton, Andrew M. Freeman
- 2023/03/13
Mar 5, 2024 · Differential Diagnoses. Dizziness and vertigo are among the most common symptoms causing patients to visit a physician (as common as back pain and headaches). Falling can be a direct consequence of dizziness in this population, and the risk is compounded in elderly persons with other neurologic deficits and chronic medical problems.
Jan 15, 2006 · Hanley K, O’Dowd T. Symptoms of vertigo in general practice: a prospective study of diagnosis. Br J Gen Pract. 2002;52:809-12. Drozd CE. Acute vertigo: peripheral versus central etiology. Nurse ...
- Overview
- What are the types of peripheral vertigo?
- How is peripheral vertigo diagnosed?
- What are the treatment options for peripheral vertigo?
- How can I prevent attacks of peripheral vertigo?
Peripheral vertigo is a dizzy feeling that stems from a problem with your inner ear, which controls your sense of balance. There are several different types of peripheral vertigo.
Vertigo is dizziness that is often described as a spinning sensation. It may also feel like motion sickness or as if you’re leaning to one side. Other symptoms sometimes associated with vertigo include:
•loss of hearing in one ear
•ringing in your ears
•difficulty focusing your eyes
•loss of balance
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
BPPV is considered the most common form of peripheral vertigo. This type tends to cause short, frequent bouts of vertigo. Certain head movements trigger BPPV. It’s thought to be due to small pieces of anatomical debris breaking off from the inner ear canals and stimulating the small hairs that line your inner ear. This confuses your brain, producing the sensation of dizziness.
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis causes dizziness or a feeling that you’re moving when you aren’t. An inner ear infection causes this form of vertigo. As a result, it often occurs along with other symptoms such as fever and earache. The infection is in the labyrinth, a structure in your inner ear that controls balance and hearing. A viral illness, such as a cold or flu, often causes this infection. A bacterial ear infection is also sometimes the cause.
Vestibular neuronitis
Vestibular neuronitis is also called vestibular neuritis. This type of vertigo has a sudden onset and may cause unsteadiness, earache, nausea, and vomiting. Vestibular neuronitis is the result of an infection that has spread to the vestibular nerve, which controls balance. This condition usually follows a viral infection, such as a cold or flu.
There are several ways your doctor can determine if you have peripheral vertigo. Your doctor may examine your ears to look for signs of infection, as well as see if you can walk in a straight line to test your balance.
If your doctor suspects BPPV, they may perform a Dix-Hallpike maneuver. During this test, your doctor will move you quickly from a sitting position to a lying-down position, with your head being the lowest point of your body. You will be facing your doctor, and you will need to keep your eyes open so your doctor can track your eye movements. This maneuver brings on symptoms of vertigo in individuals with BPPV.
Drugs and medication
A number of medications are used to treat peripheral vertigo, including: •antibiotics (to treat infections) •antihistamines — for example, meclizine (Antivert) •prochlorperazine — to relieve nausea •benzodiazepines — anxiety medications that can also relieve physical symptoms of vertigo People with Meniere’s disease often take a medication called betahistine (Betaserc, Serc), which can help reduce pressure caused by fluid in the inner ear and relieve symptoms of the disease.
Treating hearing loss
Individuals with Meniere’s disease may need treatment for ringing in the ears and hearing loss. Treatment may include medication and hearing aids.
Exercises
If you received a diagnosis of BPPV, your doctor may teach you the Epley maneuver and Brandt-Daroff exercises. Both involve moving your head in a series of three or four guided movements. Your doctor will typically perform the Epley maneuver, as it requires more rapid movement and turning of your head. It’s not recommended for people with neck or back problems. You can do Brandt-Daroff exercises at home. These are the most commonly used exercises to treat vertigo. It’s believed that they can help move the debris that is causing the vertigo. To perform Brandt-Daroff exercises: 1.Sit at the edge of your bed (near the middle) with your legs hanging over the side. 2.Lie down on your right side and turn your head toward the ceiling. Hold this position for at least 30 seconds. If you feel dizzy, hold this position until it passes. 3.Return to an upright position and stare directly ahead for 30 seconds. 4.Repeat step two, this time on your left side. 5.Sit upright and look straight ahead for 30 seconds. 6.Do additional sets at least three to four times per day.
You usually can’t prevent initial vertigo, but certain behaviors can help prevent another vertigo attack. You should avoid:
•bright lights
•rapid head movement
•bending over
•looking up
Other helpful behaviors are standing up slowly and sleeping with your head propped up.
May 27, 2022 · Vertigo is a troubling problem for many clinicians because it is symptomatic of a large range of diagnoses from benign to immediately life threatening . However, in most cases, the clinical history, especially the tempo of the symptoms ( table 2 ), with examination findings that distinguish between central and peripheral etiologies ( table 3 ) identify those patients that require urgent ...
history: vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, and light-headedness. ... peripheral or central. Peripheral etiologies are usually benign. ... Differential Diagnosis of Dizziness and Vertigo: Common ...
