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By default, the direction of electric dipoles in space is always from negative charge “-q” to positive charge “q”. The midpoint “q” and “–q” is called the centre of the dipole. The simplest example of an electric dipole is a pair of electric charges of two opposite signs and equal magnitude separated by distance.
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As we know that Electric Dipole is a vector quantity i.e. it has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of the electric dipole is the product of either of the electric charge and the distance between them. The direction of the electric dipole is from negative charge to positive charge.
Let’s take two charges +q and -q equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, and the distance between them is d. Then this system is called the electric dipole. An electric dipole is denoted by the symbol “p”. It is a Vector quantity. In the image given below two point charges +q and -q are separated by distance ‘d’ and hence the electric dipole ...
An electric dipole is a vector quantity and its magnitude is given as, |p| = q×d It is clear that the magnitude of the electric dipole is the product of either charge with the distance between them. Electric Dipole is measured in Coulomb-meter. Its dimensional formula is [M0L1T1I1]
Electric dipole moment is a vector quantity and hence it has a unique direction. The direction of the electric dipole is from negative charge to positive charge. The Axis of the electric dipole moment is the line that joins both charges.
Let’s take two charges -q and +q placed at A and B respectively. The distance between them AB is d they form a dipole asp = qdthe centre of AB is Q. Now, if any point P which makes an angle θ with the AB and QP is r then the electric potential at P by the electric dipole is given by, When θ = 0° Then, cos θ = cos 0° = 1 Now, V = 1 / 4πεo × [p cos(θ...
Coulomb’s law and the superposition principle may be used to calculate the electric field of a pair of charges (–q and q) at any point in space. For the following two scenarios, the results are simple and clear, 1. When the point is on the dipole axis, 2. When it is on the equatorial plane of the dipole, i.e. on a plane perpendicular to the dipole ...
The image given below shows an electric dipole kept in an electric field and torque applied to it. Suppose a permanent dipole in a uniform external field E with a dipole moment of p. On q, there is a force qE and on –q, there is a force –qE. Because E is uniform, the net force on the dipole is zero. Due to the separation of the charges, the forces ...
With the help of electric dipole moment, we can easily determine the geometry and orientation of any compound in 3-D space. Everything around us is made up of molecules and molecules can easily be categorized into two categories. 1. Polar Molecules 2. Non-Polar Molecules Polar Molecules:The molecules which have a net dipole movement are called pola...
Example 1: Given a uniform electric field, find the flux of this field through a square of side 20 cm, whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane. What would be the flux through the same square, if the plane makes an angle of 30° with the x-axis? Solution: Example 2: Define the term ‘electric flux’. Write its S.I. units. What is the flux due to the e...
- Electric Dipole Moment. The magnitude of the dipole moment is defined as the product of the absolute value of one of the two charges, multiplied by the distance separating the two charges
- Field of a Dipole.
- Dipole in a Uniform Field. We begin by considering the force on the dipole. Certainly each individual charge feels a new force from the field, but the charges are equal in magnitude, and the forces act in opposite directions, so the net force on it is zero.
- Torque on a Dipole. Multiplying the forces by the moment arms, and summing, we find that the magnitude of the torque on this dipole is: \[ \tau = 2\left[ qE\frac{d}{2}\sin\theta\right] = qd\;E\;\sin\theta \]
Rotation of a Dipole due to an Electric Field. For now, we deal with only the simplest case: The external field is uniform in space. Suppose we have the situation depicted in Figure 5.32, where we denote the distance between the charges as the vector [latex]\stackrel{\to }{\textbf{d}},[/latex] pointing from the negative charge to the positive charge.
Figure 5.32 A dipole in an external electric field. (a) The net force on the dipole is zero, but the net torque is not. As a result, the dipole rotates, becoming aligned with the external field. (b) The dipole moment is a convenient way to characterize this effect. The d → d → points in the same direction as p → p →.
Apr 18, 2024 · Figure 11.6.2: Electric Dipole Moment. The magnitude of the dipole moment is defined as the product of the absolute value of one of the two charges, multiplied by the distance separating the two charges: \[\left|\overrightarrow p\right| \equiv q\;d \] The direction of the dipole moment is that it points from the negative charge to the positive ...
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Similarly, on the axis of the dipole (but outside it), the field points in the same direction as the dipole, again getting weaker the further one gets from the charges. This page titled 5.8: Electric Dipoles is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.
