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Abstract. There is considerable overlap between phenomenological and neurocognitive perspectives on delusions. In this paper, we first review major phenomenological accounts of delusions, beginning with Jaspers’ ideas regarding incomprehensibility, delusional mood, and disturbed “cogito” (basic, minimal, or core self-experience) in what he termed “delusion proper” in schizophrenia.
Jasper Feyaerts and colleagues1 make an important point about recognising the experiential dimensions of delusions. Following Jaspers and Schneider, they note that some delusions, particularly in schizophrenia, appear to arise spontaneously and reflect more pervasive shifts in phenomenological experience. As such, they argue that delusions have an inherently experiential component that is ...
- Michael H Connors, Peter W Halligan
- 2021
- Primary Delusions vs delusion-like Experiences
- The Cultural Environment Surrounding Allgemeine Psychopathologie
- Schizophrenia Process as Nonpsychologically Derivable Change
- The Diagnosis of Delusions Is Interactive
- Jaspers and The Birth of Person-Centered Medicine
- The Construct of Prodromal Psychosis
- Delusional Mood at The Dawn of Psychosis
- Truman Symptoms and The Creation of A New World
- Aberrant Salience: Linking Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Delusion Formation
- Reconsolidation of Delusions as Impaired Learning About Salient Events
In psychiatry, Jaspers is known for his masterwork AP(1913), in which he proposes 3 crucial criteria for diagnosing delusions: 1. 1. subjective certainty, incomparable to other convictions; 2. 2. imperviousness to counterarguments; 3. 3. implausibility of content.4(p45),5(p80),6(pp95–6) Nevertheless, Jaspers states that these criteria are merely ex...
When Jaspers first arrived in 1908 as a voluntary assistant at the Heidelberg psychiatry clinic,9 he missed Kraeplin who had just left the directorship at Heidelberg to become Chair at Munich. Still, “the common conceptual framework of the hospital was Kraeplin’s psychiatry along with deviations.”9(pp7,15) At this time, Kraeplin’s proposal that dem...
In his early 1910 study, Jaspers16 notes that jealousy delusions may be indicative of personality disturbances and/or alcohol-related disorders but may involve something entirely different, a schizophrenia psychosis based on unknown neurobiological process. In the former case, the delusion emerges slowly. If there is an acute phase, “the personalit...
Jaspers proposed that delusion-like ideas, eg, Kretschmer’s sensitive delusions of reference, could be understood in terms of the psychological connectedness made to form these ideas, a psychologically understandable personality development. In contrast, primary delusions cannot be understood in terms of prior psychological origin or motivation. Th...
When writing the AP, Jaspers finds himself in the middle of a debate carried over from the 19th century. In this debate, which concerns the opposed methodology of the natural- vs. the human-historical sciences (the so-called explanation-understanding controversy, see figure 1), Jaspers emphasizes psychological or historical understanding. In psychi...
According to Jaspers’ definition, primary delusions cannot be derived from prior psychological content or motivation. They are ultimate, an original phenomenon (Urphänomenon) in the sense that they arise from a delusional experience.5(pp78,89),6(pp93,106) Something new (unprecedented, nonderivable) must be present.5(p165),6(p196) In a passage added...
For Jaspers, delusional mood is the first subjective phenomenological experience of something radically new, or alien, entering in prodromal psychosis (indicating an underlying neurobiological process). In prodromal delusional mood, which can last for “days, months or even years ... Something is in the air but one is unable to say what.”40,41 Jaspe...
More recently, the delusional mood experiences by prodromal subjects have been reinterpreted as Truman symptoms. The 1998 satirical comedy-drama film (Peter Weir, director; Andrew Niccol, screenwriter) chronicles the life of a man—Truman Burbank (Jim Carrey)—who lived his entire life, since before birth, in front of cameras for The Truman Show, alt...
What is causing the delusional mood and Truman symptoms during psychosis onset? One of the most enduring neurochemical theories of schizophrenia centers upon dysregulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.51 In particular, subcortical and striatal hyperdopaminergia has been postulated to be fundamental to psychosis onset.52 A recent meta-analysis ...
Because the continuity or development of personality has been disrupted by an underlying neurobiological process,4–6,16 the delusional theme, wrested from the originally experienced perceptual saliencies, becomes detached from how memories are normally encoded in an ongoing narrative event memory of self.44,45,50,58 This “inner life history” is bot...
- Aaron L. Mishara, Paolo Fusar-Poli
- 2013
Jun 4, 2015 · With its sensitivity to kinds of reality subjectively felt or ascribed within delusion, phenomenology is cautious about assuming that delusions are “false beliefs” about external reality. Phenomenologists question the general applicability of the standard “poor-reality-testing” formula assumed in DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10, and much of psychiatry.
- Louis Sass, Greg Byrom
- 2015
Aug 6, 2018 · The study of delusional perception is of particular interest, because, unlike other delusions, its identification rests on form as well as content. Also, it is one of the first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia, and its mode of onset, which is an important part of the phenomenon, may help us to understand how other delusions develop. Type.
Jan 21, 2021 · Delusions are commonly conceived as false beliefs that are held with certainty and which cannot be corrected. This conception of delusion has been influential throughout the history of psychiatry and continues to inform how delusions are approached in clinical practice and in contemporary schizophrenia research. It is reflected in the full psychosis continuum model, guides psychological and ...
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Jun 1, 2013 · The phenomenological approach to delusions focuses on delusion as a phenomenon, on its subjective or lived dimension. The phenomenologist is interested, first and foremost, in understanding what it is like to have a delusion, or, more accurately, in understanding the variety of ways in which one might experience delusions and the delusional world.
