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The Reign of Terror
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- The Reign of Terror was the most radical and violent phase of the French Revolution, spanning approximately a year from mid-1793 to mid-1794.
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The Reign of Terror was the most radical and violent phase of the French Revolution, spanning approximately a year from mid-1793 to mid-1794. Born chiefly from a paranoid fear of counter-revolution, the radicals who implemented the Terror did so to protect the progress of the revolution.
- Law of Suspects
The Law of Suspects, passed by the National Convention in...
- Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) was, at the time of the...
- Charlotte Corday
Charlotte Corday (1768-1793) was the young woman most famous...
- Committee of Public Safety
A French caricature of members of the Committee of Public...
- Camille Desmoulins
Desmoulins came to prominence the day after dismissal of...
- Revolutionary Tribunals
The revolution’s most notable victims – Marie Antoinette,...
- Georges Danton
Georges Danton was a lawyer turned political figure who...
- Brissot
Jacques Brissot (1754-1793) was the figurehead and de facto...
- Law of Suspects
- Causes of The French Revolution
- Estates General
- Rise of The Third Estate
- Tennis Court Oath
- The Bastille
- Declaration of The Rights of Man and of The Citizen
- French Revolution Turns Radical
- Reign of Terror
- Thermidorian Reaction
- French Revolution Ends: Napoleon’s Rise
As the 18th century drew to a close, France’s costly involvement in the American Revolution, combined with extravagant spending by King Louis XVI, had left France on the brink of bankruptcy. Not only were the royal coffers depleted, but several years of poor harvests, drought, cattle disease and skyrocketing bread prices had kindled unrest among pe...
To garner support for these measures and forestall a growing aristocratic revolt, the king summoned the Estates General (les états généraux) – an assembly representing France’s clergy, nobility and middle class – for the first time since 1614. The meeting was scheduled for May 5, 1789; in the meantime, delegates of the three estates from each local...
France’s population, of course, had changed considerably since 1614. The non-aristocratic, middle-class members of the Third Estate now represented 98 percent of the people but could still be outvoted by the other two bodies. In the lead-up to the May 5 meeting, the Third Estate began to mobilize support for equal representation and the abolishment...
By the time the Estates General convened at Versailles, the highly public debate over its voting process had erupted into open hostility between the three orders, eclipsing the original purpose of the meeting and the authority of the man who had convened it — the king himself. On June 17, with talks over procedure stalled, the Third Estate met alon...
On June 12, as the National Assembly (known as the National Constituent Assembly during its work on a constitution) continued to meet at Versailles, fear and violence consumed the capital. Though enthusiastic about the recent breakdown of royal power, Parisians grew panicked as rumors of an impending military coup began to circulate. A popular insu...
IIn late August, the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen), a statement of democratic principles grounded in the philosophical and political ideas of Enlightenment thinkers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The document proclaimed the Assembly’s commitment to replace the...
In April 1792, the newly elected Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia, where it believed that French émigrés were building counterrevolutionary alliances; it also hoped to spread its revolutionary ideals across Europe through warfare. On the domestic front, meanwhile, the political crisis took a radical turn when a group of insu...
Following the king’s execution, war with various European powers and intense divisions within the National Convention brought the French Revolution to its most violent and turbulent phase. In June 1793, the Jacobins seized control of the National Convention from the more moderate Girondins and instituted a series of radical measures, including the ...
The death of Robespierre marked the beginning of the Thermidorian Reaction, a moderate phase in which the French people revolted against the Reign of Terror’s excesses. On August 22, 1795, the National Convention, composed largely of Girondins who had survived the Reign of Terror, approved a new constitution that created France’s first bicameral le...
The Directory’s four years in power were riddled with financial crises, popular discontent, inefficiency and, above all, political corruption. By the late 1790s, the directors relied almost entirely on the military to maintain their authority and had ceded much of their power to the generals in the field. On November 9, 1799, as frustration with th...
Nov 13, 2024 · The French Revolution had general causes common to all the revolutions of the West at the end of the 18th century and particular causes that explain why it was by far the most violent and the most universally significant of these revolutions.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The French Revolution was a period of major social upheaval that began in 1787 and ended in 1799. It sought to completely change the relationship b...
- There were many reasons. The bourgeoisie—merchants, manufacturers, professionals—had gained financial power but were excluded from political power....
- King Louis XVI of France yielded to the idea of a new constitution and to the sovereignty of the people but at the same time sent emissaries to the...
- In some respects, the French Revolution did not succeed. But the ideas of representational democracy and basic property rights took hold, and it so...
Reign of Terror, period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794, during which the Revolutionary government decided to take harsh measures against those suspected of being enemies of the Revolution (nobles, priests, and hoarders).
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Prior to the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror (1793–94), France was governed by the National Convention. Power in this assembly was divided betw...
- Laws were passed that defined those who should be arrested as counterrevolutionaries, and committees of surveillance were set up to identify suspec...
- Maximilien Robespierre, president of the Jacobin Club, was also president of the National Convention and was the most prominent member of the Commi...
- The Reign of Terror instituted the conscripted army, which saved France from invasion by other countries and in that sense preserved the Revolution...
In 1793, the country of France was gripped by widespread fear as the Reign of Terror swept through the nation during the height of the French Revolution. Over the course of a brutal year, tens of thousands of people met a gruesome fate at the guillotine.
Feb 6, 2019 · The Terror is the most infamous era of the French Revolution, when the leaders of the country decided to rule through Terror and mass killing.
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The French Revolution had a major impact on western history, by ending feudalism in France and creating a path for advances in individual freedoms throughout Europe.
