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In 1970, the name of the institution was changed to its present name of Elmira Correctional Facility. From its opening in 1876 to the end of the early 20th century, Elmira was one of the most important penal institutions in the country.
The facility was founded in 1876 as the Elmira Reformatory and run by its controversial superintendent Zebulon Brockway. Acting with rehabilitative aims, Brockway instilled strict discipline along the lines of military training.
In 1869, the Legislature authorized purchase of a 280-acre site in Elmira and earmarked the new facility for reformatory purposes, restricting it to first offenders between the ages of 16 and 30. The reformatory finally opened on July 24, 1876, with Brockway as warden, when 30 inmates were transferred from Auburn Prison.
The Eastern New York Reformatory at Napanoch opened in 1900, receiving its inmates by transfer from Elmira. Napanoch, still in the building stage, needed construction workers, so Elmira sent on its older and stronger inmates.
In 1926, the legislature created a Department of Correction and placed the management of Elmira under the Commissioner of Correction. In 1933, the institution was renamed the Elmira Reformatory. It was renamed the Elmira Correctional Facility when the new Department of Correctional Services was established in 1970. Previous--- ||||| --- Next >>>
Elmira system, American penal system named after Elmira Reformatory, in New York. In 1876 Zebulon R. Brockway became an innovator in the reformatory movement by establishing Elmira Reformatory for young felons. Brockway was much influenced by the mark system, developed in Australia by Alexander.
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Changes in correctional education impelled broader prison reform in the middle of the nineteenth century. Elmira Reformatory in upstate New York offered the most successful program of approaches since the eighteenth-century origins of American correctional education.
